百年诺贝尔物理学奖基本状况的分析

诺贝尔奖是世界近代史上最久负盛誉的一项国际性大奖,从1901年颁发到2000年,已走过了整整一个世纪。百年来,无数科学家在各个学科领域内为人类创造了宝贵的文化和科学财富。了解和研究这段历程,可以使我们获得许多重要的借鉴与启迪。     

Design Optimization of Charger Based on PSPICE Simulation

The design of a high-frequency switching mode charger (HFSMC) was optimized using a PSPICE simulation of the charging system including a valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery pack and the HFSMC.A high-frequency battery charging circuit model was developed to describe the battery dynamics when charging with DC current having high-frequency ripples. An IGBT circuit model, a high-frequency pulsed transformer coupling model and a silicon fast recovery diode model were also developed. Simulations were compared to laboratory measurements to verify the battery and system models. Simulation of the working states of an Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetic core used in the transformer shows that the transformer design can be optimized by adjusting the core gap and by employing an RC network. Further simulations show that the components in the output unit of the charger main circuit can also be optimized. Simulations also show that the battery dynamics Including the inductance should be considered for design optimization of the HFSMC.     

Optimal Dispatching of Large—scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method,is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water sup-ply systems.     

采用贫混凝土基层的水泥混凝土路面厚度优化

采用贫混凝土基层的水泥混凝土路面是解决重载交通的一种理想路面形式。贫混凝土基层与水泥混凝土面层的不同厚度组合会对路面荷载应力产生较大的影响,考虑实际路面的各种要求,提出了厚度优化的数学模型。利用三维有限元模型,根据在不同结构形式下的合理目标函数,分析了最佳的厚度组合比。     

再现轨迹的凸轮连杆组合机构优化设计

分析了再现轨迹凸轮连杆组合机构的运动原理,推导出了计算公式,并给出了该组合机构尺度综合的优化设计方法。     

关于对氧化铝生产调度系统的探讨

对生产调度的特点进行了说明，讨论了调度系统结构及运行情况，指出了智能化调度系统在氧化铝生产中的应用前景。     

应用Matlab实现大型超静定回转窑机械运行状态的多目标模糊优化

结合中国长城铝业公司氧化铝厂回转窑机械运行状态多目标模糊优化模型,介绍了在Matlab环境下实现多目标模糊优化的有关技术,编写了实现回转窑机械运行状态多目标模糊优化的Matlab程序.现场应用表明,应用该程序指导调窑,能显著改善回转窑的机械运行状态,提高窑的运转率.同时该程序对于利用Matlab编写多目标模糊优化程序,具有重要参考价值.图3,参6.     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖的初步研究

利用面积为2000m^2的鲫鱼池套养培育黄颡鱼亲鱼；采用不同的药物和剂量进行人工催产；利用家鱼孵化池进行流水孵化。实验结果表明：黄颡鱼在性成熟度基本一致的情况下，用LRH—A2 DOM PG(LRH—A2、DOM、PG分别为4ug、0．8mg、2．2mg)的配合药物来进行生产，催产率可达到95％。     

人工神经网络在矿井突水预报中的应用

突水预报是一项重要的矿井水文地质工作。借助于人工神经网络在处理非线性问题或非结构问题方面的优势,采用BP算法,基于大量矿井突水样本实例建立了突水预报神经网络模型,并将该模型用于实际预报,并取得了较好的效果。结果表明,模型具有较强的实用性。为了提高模型的预测精度,在训练样本的选择上还应具有一定的代表性。     

安徽羽叶报春RAPD分析实验条件优化的研究

采用CTAB法^[1]从珍稀濒危植物安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana)的幼叶中提取DNA，进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)实验，通过Mg^2 、dNTP、Taq酶、模板浓度的优化，确立了RAPD反应的最佳体系(25μ1)范围为：Mg^2 浓度为2．0—2．5mmol／L，模板浓度为每个反应50—150ng，dNTP浓度为200—250μmol／L，Taq酶为1.5—2.0U，按照优化的RAPD条件进行的重复实验，重现性良好。