盐酸体系中萃取分离砷的研究

以TBP,D2EHDTPA及N_(235)为萃取剂,对盐酸体系中含砷及其它金属离子的溶液进行萃取实验,选择了两种合适有机相组成:25％TBP 25％D2EHDTPA 50％磺化煤油及25％N_(235) 50％磺化煤油 25％2-乙基己醇(反萃时加入),能使砷与其它金属离子分离。用选择的有机相对某生产实际溶液进行砷的分离实验,以达到消除污染及综合回收的目的。本文还用红外光谱法探讨了上述萃取剂萃取As(Ⅲ)及As(Ⅴ)的机理。     

垃圾填埋场中酸可挥发性硫与重金属的结合特性

酸可挥发性硫（AVS）对于控制重金属在沉积物/间隙水中的分配和重金属的生物可利用性和迁移性有重要意义.填埋场环境与海洋底泥环境相似,因此可以参考沉积物中n（AVS）/n（同步浸提金属,SEM）的测定方法测定填埋层垃圾n（AVS）/n（SEM）,发现n（AVS）/n（SEM）＜5%.SEM形态分析表明：SEM超出AVS的部分被其他的重金属结合相结合,AVS与Cu,Ni和Zn结合优先于铁氧化物结合态、锰氧化物结合态、碳酸盐结合态和可交换态;Cd和Pb与AVS结合优先于有机物结合态、锰氧化物结合态、碳酸盐结合态和可交换态.AVS的存在有利于重金属固定于填埋层中.     

三氧化二砷抑制肝癌细胞端粒酶活性的实验研究

目的：观察三氧化二砷对肝癌细胞株BEL-7402和SMMC-7721端粒酶活性的影响。方法：应用端粒酶多聚酶联反应一酶联免疫测定(PCR-ELISA)方法，检测三氧化二砷作用后，肝癌细胞系BEL-7402和SMMC-7721细胞端粒酶活性的变化并比较两种细胞端粒酶对三氧化二砷敏感性的差异。结果：0．25～2．00μmol／L三氧化二砷(24～96h)可抑制肝癌细胞系BFL-7402的端粒酶活性，抑制作用与时间、剂量呈依赖性关系；0．25～0．50μmol／L三氧化二砷对SMMC-7721细胞端粒酶活性没有影响(96h以内)，1．00～2．00μmol/L三氧化二砷可抑制SMMC-7721细胞端粒酶活性(4H8～96h)，有时间、剂量依赖关系。结论：三氧化二砷可以抑制肝癌细胞系BEL-7402和SMMC-7721细胞端粒酶的活性；BEL-7402细胞端粒酶对三氧化二砷的敏感性较SMMC-7721细胞端粒酶高。     

联用技术在砷形态分析中的应用进展

综述了高效液相色谱与原子吸收光谱、原子发射光谱、原子荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子质谱等联用技术以及毛细管电泳原子荧光光谱联用技术在砷形态分析中的应用研究新进展,并对砷形态分析中的样品贮存、前处理技术进行了总结和评述。     

水体中重金属的形态分析方法

水体中重金属的形态分析方法主要有实验分离测定和模式计算两大类 .本文重点概述了近年来以实验分离测定为手段的重金属形态分析方法     

Arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris Vittata L. and its arsenic accumulation

An arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese brake) was first discovered in China by means of field survey and greenhouse cultivation. Field survey showed that Chinese brake had large accumulating capacity to arsenic; the orders of arsenic content in different parts of the fern were as follows: leaves>leafstalks>roots, which is totally different from that of ordinary plants; bioaccumulation coefficients of the above ground parts of the fern decreased as a power function of soil arsenic contents. In the control of pot trials with normal unpolluted soil containing 9 mg/kg of arsenic, the bioaccumulation coefficients of the above ground parts and rhizoids of Chinese brake were as high as 71 and 80 respectively. Greenhouse cultivation in the contaminated soil from mining areas has shown that more than 1 times greater arsenic can be accumulated in the leaves of the fern than that of field samples with the largest content of 5070 mg/kg As on a dry matter basis. During greenhouse cultivation, arsenic content in the leaves of the fern increased linearly with time prolonging. Not only has Chinese brake extraordinary tolerance and accumulation to arsenic, but it grew rapidly with great biomass, wide distribution and easy adaptation to different environmental conditions as well. Therefore, it has great potential in future remediation of arsenic contamination. It also demonstrates important value for studies of arsenic physiology and biochemistry such as arsenic absorption, translocation and detoxification mechanisms in plants.     

环境中汞的形态分析

从环境中汞的存在形态出发，按测定方法进行分类；综述了近几年来汞的形态分析方法，并对各种方法进行了比较．     

A new lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea species-group from central Asia associated with conifers (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

ABSTRACT

Chrysoperla duellii sp. nov. is discovered, associated with coniferous vegetation, in the Kyrgyz Republic in central Asia, co-occurring with two other cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea-group. It is distinguished by its courtship duetting song, which exhibits a uniquely complex multi-volleyed temporal and tonal structure but is nevertheless noticeably convergent on the species-specific song of another conifer-associated member of the carnea-group, C. downesi (Smith), from North America. The song of C. duellii also shows some superficial similarity to those of European/north African C. mediterranea (Hölzel) and southern Californian C. calocedrii Henry et al., both of which, like C. duellii, prefer conifers and exhibit dark-green adult body pigmentation. The new species is herein formally described as Chrysoperla duellii Henry, Taylor and Johnson and is shown to be diagnosable by song and morphology from all other known members of the Chrysoperla carnea-group. Results of restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) of C. duellii and five other carnea-group species strongly reject the hypothesis that similar songs and dark-green body colour among the four conifer-associated species are due to common ancestry, instead supporting independent, parallel acquisition of such features.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4CA5BE5F-B4B9-4A7D-A801-C9AE1E895D0B     

Marked differentiation in a new species of dwarf stonebasher,Pollimyrus cuandoensis sp. nov. (Mormyridae: Teleostei), from a contact zone with two sibling species of the Okavango and Zambezi rivers

We studied the systematic status of a form of Pollimyrus of the lower Kwando River that is flanked by the Okavango River, inhabited by Pollimyrus castelnaui (Boulenger, 1911), and the Zambezi River, inhabited by Pollimyrus marianne Kramer et al., 2003. In morphology and electric organ discharges (EODs), the Kwando phenotype proved well differentiated from both P. castelnaui and P. marianne. Sequence analysis of the cyt b gene confirmed that the three forms or species form a monophyletic clade, with P. castelnaui sister to the other two species. Genomic fingerprinting with ISSR-PCR confirmed differentiation of the Kwando form, that we recognize as a different species, P. cuandoensis sp. nov., from its sister species, P. marianne. A considerable amount of EOD and morphological variation was revealed among samples of P. cuandoensis sp. nov. from four different locations on the lower Kwando River, possibly due to hybrid introgression. This seems an ideal system for testing theories of parapatric speciation. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB644B21-04F6-44F8-AEB6-8DC09268C17C