高砷烟尘酸性氧化浸出砷和锌的试验研究

采用酸性氧化浸出工艺对某冶炼厂高砷烟尘进行湿法浸出砷、锌的试验研究。通过单因素试验确定最佳浸出工艺条件。结果表明,采用pH值为2的稀硫酸溶液,在浸出温度80℃、浸出时间105min、液固体积质量比10∶1、H2O2添加量1.75mL/g(烟灰)、搅拌速度705r/min的条件下,砷、锌浸出率分别达到78.25%和85.42%。     

Redox condition during Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in the Lower Yangtze deep water basin,South China: constraints from iron speciation and δ~(13) Corg in the Diben section,Zhejiang

Cherts of the Piyuancun Formation and black mudstones of the Hetang Formation in Diben Town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang were deposited in a deep water basin of the Lower Yangtze area during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition(E–C transition), offering an opportunity to reconstruct the ancient redox condition of the deep water basin. Total 53 samples were collected and analyzed for iron speciation, including pyrite iron(FePy), carbonate associated iron(FeCarb), iron oxide and hydroxide(FeOx),magnetite iron(FeMag) and total iron(FeT) as well as d13 Corgto gain a deeper understanding of specific redox condition during the period. The results show that(1) most samples have pyrite concentration \1 %, with the FePy/FeHR ratio ranging from \0.01 to 0.81(mostly \0.5), and the FeHR/FeT ratio between 0.39 and 0.93(mostly [0.5).(2) The E–C boundary in the Diben section occurred at the maximum negative excursion of organic carbon isotope within the Piyuancun Formation, which can be correlated with other sections by using d13 Corg. We thus concluded that the relatively high content of highly reactive iron and low content of pyrite iron in the Diben section indicate a minor occurrence of H2 S and a predominance of anoxic and ferruginous environment, which is similar to other reported sections such as the Longbizui and Yanwutan sections, western Hunan. In addition, oxygen concentration in sea water showed an increasing trend in the interval corresponding to the bottom and upper layer of the Hetang Formation as indicated by the FeHR/FeT ratio, which decreased from 0.7 to 0.38, however, it was not great enough to oxidize the whole deep water. Therefore, during the E–C transition deep water basin in South China was most likely an anoxic and ferruginous enrironment, which prevented metazoon from the evolution in the deep water basin. Our work offers an important reference to better understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence and dynamic processes of the ‘‘Cambrian Explosion'.     

不同来源钝顶螺旋藻砷富集特性

 为进一步探讨2 个不同来源钝顶螺旋藻的砷富集特性,明晰藻液砷浓度与生长、产量及藻粉砷含量的对应关系,在不同质量浓度砷溶液中培养鄂尔多斯钝顶螺旋藻与引进螺旋藻藻种,通过比较2 藻种生长情况、藻粉的干重及藻粉中砷的质量比,分析2 藻种对砷的适应性和抵抗性。结果表明,在0~0.32 mg/L 的砷环境中,2 藻种生长均没有受到抑制,当地藻种产量高于引进藻种,在各砷浓度下鄂尔多斯钝顶螺旋藻藻粉砷质量比明显低于引进种。     

微波消解-HG-ICP-AES法测定郁金中砷硒

建立了微波消解-氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱联用技术测定郁金中微量元素砷、硒的方法,对微波消解、氢化物发生、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱工作条件进行了优化选择,并对增敏剂进行了选择.在最佳实验条件下,A s和Se的检出限分别为0.13μg.L-1和0.34μg.L-1,相对标准偏差分别为0.83%和1.8%,回收率分别为98%和95%.实验操作简便,结果满意.     

亚砷酸制剂研究进展

针对近年来世界上许多国家或地区相继报道长期暴露于含砷饮用水中的个体出现不同程度的砷中毒症状,或因砷而引起的多种疾病等状况;而我国中医却应用砷剂治疗多种血液肿瘤和实体瘤,特别是治疗急性早幼粒白血病(APL)已取得了较好疗效.从治病性和致病性两个角度分别讨论了主要包括亚砷酸在内的多种含砷化物的生物学毒性,对人体各系统的损害和抗肿瘤作用,为临床应用含砷制剂治疗癌症提供借鉴,同时展望了砷制剂的临床应用前景.     

天然纤维素纤维改性及其对水中砷的吸附

 以天然纤维素纤维作为基体材料,通过Ce4+引发的自由基聚合,在其表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯,合成了阴离子吸附剂cellulose-g-PDMAEMA（纤维素接枝聚甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯）,用于水中砷的去除。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）及元素分析对材料进行表征。并且分别用静态吸附实验和动态吸附实验研究材料的吸附性能,结果表明,该阴离子吸附剂可以有效地吸附水中三价砷和五价砷。     

含砷铁精矿球团预氧化-弱还原焙烧过程中砷的挥发行为

在分析含砷矿物的理化性质和含砷铁精矿矿物学特征的基础上,研究含砷铁精矿球团中砷在预氧化-弱还原焙烧过程中的挥发行为。研究结果表明:内蒙古黄岗铁精矿伴生砷含量为0.344%,且主要以砷黄铁矿形式存在;在200～350℃的干燥阶段不存在砷的挥发;在预热温度为870℃,预热时间为6min,氧含量为6%的条件下,预氧化过程中砷挥发率可达到26.54%,预氧化球团中残余砷主要以砷酸盐形式存在;在无烟煤用量为20%,还原升温时间为60min,恒温焙烧时间为40min的条件下,成品球团矿中砷残留量为0.035%,挥发率达到88.54%;工业生产中应考虑在预氧化阶段和还原焙烧阶段设置砷的回收装置。     

Immobilization of arsenic in soils by stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron, iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe3O4) particles

Arsenic is a widespread contaminant in soils and groundwater. While various iron-based materials have been studied for immobilizing arsenic in contaminated soils, the feasibility of stabilized iron-based nanoparticles has not been reported. This study investigates the effectiveness of using three types of starch-stabilized iron-based nanoparticles, including zero-valent iron (ZVI), iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe₃O₄), for immobilization of arsenic in two representative As-contaminated soils (an orchard soil and a fire range soil). To test the effect of the nanoparticles on the arsenic leachability, As-contaminated soils were amended with the nanoparticles at various Fe/As molar ratios (5:1–100:1) and contact time (3 and 7 d). After three days’ treatments of a field-contaminated sandy soil, the PBET-based bioaccessibility of As decreased from an initial (71.3±3.1)% (mean±SD) to (30.9±3.2)% with ZVI, (37.6±1.2)% with FeS, and (29.8± 3.1)% with Fe₃O₄ at an Fe/As molar ratio of 100:1. The TCLP-based leachability of arsenic in a spiked fire range soil decreased from an initial (0.51±0.11)% to (0.24±0.03)%, (0.27±0.04)% and (0.17±0.04)% by ZVI, FeS, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, respectively. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles appeared to be more effective (5% or more) than other nanoparticles for immobilizing arsenic. When the two soils were compared, the treatment is more effective on the orchard soil that has a lower iron content and higher initial leachability than on the range soil that already has a high iron content. These results suggest that these innocuous iron-based nanoparticles may serve as effective media for immobilization of As in iron-deficient soils, sediments or solid wastes.     

腐殖土对活性污泥中重金属形态分布的影响

分别投加0,0.5,1,2,3和5g腐殖土(HS)于1000mL活性污泥中充分搅拌20d,采用Tessier五步提取法对其中锌、镍、铜、铅元素的形态分布进行分析研究,结果表明,投加腐殖土能明显改变活性污泥中重金属的形态分布.对锌元素,可交换离子态(F1)锌,碳酸盐结合态(F2)锌和铁锰氧化物结合态(F3)锌含量与HS投加量有显著负相关性(0.9266,0.9310,0.9144,置信度P0.01),硫化物及有机结合态(F4)含量与HS的投加量有显著的正相关性(0.9304,P0.01);对镍元素,F1镍和F2镍含量与HS的投加量具有显著的负相关性(0.9027,0.9724,P0.01),F4镍和残渣态(F5)镍含量与HS的投加量具有显著的正相关性(0.9188,0.9123,P0.01);对铜元素,F2铜含量与HS的投加量呈负相关性(0.7145,P0.05);对铅元素,F3铅和F4铅含量与HS投加量具有负相关性(0.7027,0.7635,P0.05),F5铅含量与HS投加量具有正相关性(0.7668,P0.05).投加腐殖土能明显降低活性污泥中锌,镍元素的潜在迁移能力.     

密云水库沉积物中重金属元素分布及形态研究

主要研究了北京市密云水库沉积物中重金属的总量以及形态分布特征,采用风险评价准则法(RAC)和Tucker3模型探讨沉积物中重金属的潜在危害性.结果表明,各重金属元素的平均含量都超过北京市土壤背景值,重金属元素有一定的富集.Cu有机结合态约占总量的3%～68%;Mn可交换态、碳酸盐结合态约占总量的1%～18%、7%～31%;Pb、Zn的铁锰氧化物结合态分别占总量的12%～53%、4%～27%;其它重金属均以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,平均含量占总量的80%以上.根据RAC法得出,Mn(除采样点18)处于中等风险甚至高风险等级;Pb、Zn、Cu属从低风险到中等风险级;Ni、V、Cr、Ti的潜在生态风险较低.该结论将为北京市密云水库保护、人体健康安全保护措施的制定提供科学依据.