Genetic diversity in the Carabodes marginatus species group (Acarida,Oribatida, Carabodidae) as inferred from allozymes

Ten populations representing four species of the ‘Carabodes marginatus’ group, as C. marginatus, C. affinis, C. quadrangulus and C. montanus from central Italy have been studied for genetic variation at 16 enzymatic loci by electrophoresis. Morphotypes close to C. marginatus but easily distinguishable by the shorter marginal notogastral setae were also included in the analysis to evaluate their systematic status. Carabodes arduinii, a very different species from the ‘coriaceus’ group, was employed as an out-group. Phylogenetic relationships among different species were studied and inferred data demonstrated that cladogenetic events occurred, even though rates of molecular and morphological evolution do not correlate. Morphotypes related to C. marginatus were genetically very close to the type specimens, but a different pattern of allele frequency was observed in sympatric populations of the two setal forms. Possible explanations for this finding are suggested in relation to historical processes. The rate of gene flow among populations of the two morphs was estimated by both Wright's F _st and Slatkin's Nm methods. These two different procedures yielded contradictory results.     

江西省稻米中总砷和无机砷含量的测定与分析

选取江西省10个县市的100份新收获稻米为实验材料,分别采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定了稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量。测定结果表明,该方法线性方程和相关系数良好,稻米粉标准物质测定结果良好。100份稻米中的总砷含量变化为0.045~0.382mg/kg,均值为 0.170mg/kg;无机砷含量变化为0.000~0.180mg/kg,均值为 0.067mg/kg;单因素方差分析结果显示,江西省10个县市稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量之间均存在不同程度的差异性,其中无机砷含量的差异性最为显著。实验结果证实,稻米无机砷中三价As³⁺含量较高,约占无机砷含量的90%。美国环境保护署健康风险评估结果表明,江西省稻米中无机砷含量的暴露对人体健康没有风险。     

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.     

Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al., 1974 is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al., 1974, Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li,1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.     

As2O3联合小剂量化疗治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的临床研究

探讨治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）更有效的方法，以延长患者的生存期，提高生活质量。采用As2O3注射液10mg/d加入10％葡萄注射液250－500mL静脉滴注，连续28d一个疗程；同时用可糖胞苷50－100mg或高三尖杉酯碱1－2mg加入10％葡萄糖注射250mL静脉滴注，7－10d为1疗程，观察其临床症状、血象及骨髓象的变化，并追踪观察其缓解率及生存期。结果表明，采用A2sO3注射液加小剂量化疗的方法治疗APL，有明显的疗效，能够有效控制APL病情，提高完全缓解率，减少白血病的复发率与患者死亡率。     

含砷废水、废渣的处理处置技术现状

含砷废水和废渣对环境危害极大,砷污染的治理已成为全球的研究热点.总结了近些年来含砷废水、废渣的处理方法及发展状况,以及各种除砷技术的优缺点.重点介绍了处理含砷废水的化学法、物理法及生物法;含砷废渣处理的稳定固化技术、火法焙烧和湿法回收资源化利用技术.     

四川道地药材:“川麦冬”中铅、砷、汞的含量测定及安全性评价

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定四川三台县所产川麦冬药材中铅、砷、汞的含量并进行分析,结果表明:9批川麦冬中铅、砷、汞的含量范围分别为0.011～0.030、0.077～0.48和0.004 32～0.016 90 mg/kg,均低于《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》和《中国药典》(2010版)中限量标准,但川麦冬作为保健食品,砷含量有超标现象,有必要对川麦冬的生产按中药材生产质量管理规范(GAP)的要求进行规划和管理,以期为川麦冬的用药质量及评估提供参考.     

赤泥基陶粒的研制及含砷饮用水的处理应用

近年来，水体砷污染现象越来越严重，诱发了各类疾病，开发研制新型高效、低廉的除砷技术以解决水体砷污染问题尤为重要。本文以工业废料赤泥为主要原料，分别掺合给水厂污泥、污水厂污泥，研制了一种新型赤泥基陶粒，在陶粒不会造成二次污染的前提下，进行大量试验验证其除砷效果。结果表明：陶粒中赤泥比例为80%，污泥掺量为8%，烧结温度为1000℃时，所制得陶粒对砷离子的去除率可达到90%以上；掺合污水厂污泥的陶粒除砷效果更好；在100mL1mg/L的砷溶液中，陶粒投加量为0.6g时，除砷效果最佳；且经济性好。