聚铁盐形态分析方法研究进展

如何有效处理污水越来越受到广泛关注,其中聚铁盐作为水处理絮凝剂较铝盐有很多优势。本文将比较常见的聚铁盐形态分析方法,介绍了化学分析法、波谱法、电化学法、显微观测法。并对今后聚铁盐研究提出了展望。     

燃煤电站静电除尘器前后汞的形态分布特性

探讨燃煤电站静电除尘器(ESP)前后汞的形态分布特性.采用美国测量燃煤烟气中汞浓度的标准方法——安大略法,对某220 MW“W”型煤粉锅炉系统中烟气经过ESP前后的汞浓度进行现场测试和分析.给出了烟气中氧化汞、元素汞、颗粒汞的分布,得到了煤粉炉系统的汞平衡.烟气在经过ESP前后,汞的分布形态发生了较大的变化,其中氧化汞的浓度下降,元素汞的浓度上升,ESP对汞的综合脱除效率约为36.28%.试验表明,ESP对汞的吸附和脱除作用除与飞灰中的碳含量和颗粒粒径有关外,还可能与吸附于其表面的其他元素的物理化学特性有关.     

水环境中痕量、超痕量元素汞的形态分析技术进展

水环境中汞的含量虽微,但其毒性甚大。水环境中汞的赋存形态不同,其毒性亦不同,汞总量的测定已不能充分揭示汞的毒性及其生物有效性。本文较为详尽的归纳总结了近年来水环境中汞形态分析的样品处理技术及其形态分析技术进展。     

原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品中的砷和汞

应用ＡＦＳ－２３０型双道原子荧光仪同时测定食品中的砷和汞,样品处理简单快速,线性范围宽（Ａｓ０．５￣１００μｇ／Ｌ,Ｈｇ０．１￣６０μｇ／Ｌ）,基体干扰少,检出限低（Ａｓ０．０２μｇ／Ｌ,Ｈｇ０．０１μｇ／Ｌ）,加标回收率分别在：Ａｓ：９９．０％￣１０６．０％,Ｈｇ８９．１％￣９６．３％之间,相对标准偏差〈３．５％（ｎ＝２４）。     

树脂动态分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中成药中砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)

建立了树脂动态分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中成药中痕量As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分析方法.研究了盐酸浸提和树脂分离的最佳条件,探讨了仪器的工作条件、试剂浓度及不同增感剂对砷原子荧光强度的影响.成功地对5种中成药中的砷进行了形态分离及分析.方法检出限为84.9 ng/L,RSD为1.41 %.回收率为90.8%～110.2%.     

煤中痕量砷和汞的形态分析

应用连续化学浸提法对煤进行四次浸提,根据不同形态砷、汞的溶解度,将煤中砷、汞分为可交换态、硫化物结合态、有机物结合态和残渣态.砷在煤中主要以硫化物结合态存在,汞在煤中主要以硫化物结合态和残渣态存在.不同煤种中砷、汞的各种形态的含量分布是不同的.将煤按不同密度分级后,分别测定了各级煤粉中砷、汞含量.砷、汞在密度较大的煤中含量较大,说明砷、汞主要存在于煤中的矿物质中.     

Recent species of the Family Candonidae (Ostracoda,Crustacea) from the ancient Lake Biwa,Central Japan

Sampling of Lake Biwa between November 1997 and February 2007 has revealed a diverse Candonidae fauna consisting of 18 species. Eleven are previously undescribed species, belonging to the genera Fabaeformiscandona (nine species), Pseudocandona (one species) and Cypria (one species), and 10 of these are potentially endemic to the lake. In total there are 12 Fabaeformiscandona species in the lake belonging to two sub‐groups based on the number of setae on the mandible palp, the fabaeformis‐group (10 species) and the acuminata‐group (two species). Including the new Fabaeformiscandona species described herein, Lake Biwa is home to 19% of the approximately 62 described living species of this genus known globally. Although, the new Fabaeformiscandona species are potentially endemic, they do not show a microevolutionary pattern similar to that suggested for the Tanganyikan Cyprideis species flock.     

大学生常用化妆品中砷含量的检测分析

目的:对高校学生常用各类型化妆品中砷含量进行调查分析。方法:新银盐法测定4种不同种类化妆品样品中砷含量,结果依据2007年版《化妆品卫生规范》(砷含量不得超过10 mg/kg)进行卫生学评价。结果:所检测的4类化妆品(防晒霜、润肤霜、粉底、面霜)中,砷含量在0.186 1~4.045 3 mg/kg之间,浓度依次为润肤霜>防晒霜>粉底>面霜。结论:本次实验所测定的化妆品样品中砷含量未超过国家标准。     

Effects of inorganic arsenic on growth and microcystin production of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis</Emphasis> strain isolated from an algal bloom in Dianchi Lake,China

Our previous data have shown that inorganic arsenic concentrations were high in Dianchi Lake, China, where Microcystis blooms often occur. To explore the relationship between arsenic and the growth of Microcystis, the effects of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] on the growth and toxin production of M. aeruginosa strain FACHB 905 were tested. Results showed that M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 was tolerant to inorganic arsenic and its growth was not inhibited when the concentration of As(III) was below 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ or that of As(V) below 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹. Total microcystin production was stimulated in the presence of 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ As(III) and the response of this M. aeruginosa strain to As(III) seemed to be a typical inverted U-shaped hormesis. The content increase of microcystin-LR per cell indicated that the toxicity was enhanced as M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 was exposed to As(V). Considering the relatively high concentration of inorganic arsenic in Dianchi Lake (139 μg L⁻¹ in epilimnetic water), the origin of the M. aeruginosa strain, inorganic arsenic favors survival of M. aeruginosa FACHB 905 and may stimulate its microcystin production and cellular toxicity.     

氯化铝和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在黄河水中的混凝效果与残留铝含量及组分

研究了初始pH和投加量对AlCl₃和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在黄河水混凝过程中混凝效果的影响, 并对出水中的残留铝进行了分离试验. 结果表明, PAC 对黄河水混凝效果更好, 且在碱性条件下对初始pH 改变较少. 在投加量为15 mg/L、溶液初始pH 为6.0 时, AlCl₃ 和PAC 对黄河水中浊度、UV₂₅₄ 和溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率较高. 2 种混凝剂在黄河水处理中最佳投加量是15 mg/L, 最佳初始pH是6.0; 出水中有机物大部分是亲水性的, 增加投加量以及中性和偏碱性条件利于去除疏水性有机物; PAC 中的铝不易残留余铝率较低, 2 种混凝剂中的铝在投加量11~15 mg/L、初始pH 为8.0 左右残留较少. 混凝出水中残留铝中大部分是总溶解性铝, 总溶解性铝中溶解性有机铝成分最大, 溶解性单体铝主要以无机单体铝为主. 在投加量10~15 mg/L,初始pH 为7.0~8.5 下可有效控制残留铝含量. PAC 混凝出水溶解性有机铝含量较高, 其他几种组分残留铝较低, 且能有效降低毒性较大的溶解性铝和溶解性单体铝的含量.