经砷诱导人肝细胞L02获得砷耐受性的研究

砷是自然界普遍存在的毒性较强的类金属元素。几乎所有生物在进化中都产生了对砷毒性的耐受性。生物体对砷的耐受机制受到广泛关注。本实验采用低剂量(4μmol／L)NaAsO2诱导人体正常肝细胞株LO2,利用噻唑兰检测法(MTT)计算细胞生存率及半数致死量反映细胞对砷耐受性的改变，结果发现低剂量砷诱导6周后，在48h急性砷中毒试验中，实验组LC50为23．0μmol／L，对照组为11．9μmo1／L，实验组明显高于对照组，说明细胞对急性砷中毒耐受性明显提高。     

等温平台石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铟中痕量杂质铅和砷

利用石墨炉原子吸收法，在等温平台条件下利用标准加入法直接测定了高纯铟中的痕量杂质铅和砷．并对石墨炉加热程序中的干燥时问、灰化温度及原子化温度进行了优化，同时也考察了介质酸度的影响．本方法中铅和砷的特征质量分别为37．8pg和40．7pg，相对标准偏差平均值分别为2．8％和2．0％，加标回收率分别为85．6％～95．4％和97．3％～105．0％，是测定高纯铟中杂质铅和砷的一种简单、快速、准确的方法．     

几种脱砷吸收剂的比较研究

利用模拟烟气,在自行设计的小型鼓泡反应器内,对几种脱砷吸收剂的性能进行了比较实验研究.结果表明:H_2O_2、NaClO、NaClO_2、Ca(ClO)_2以及复合吸收剂A(M/H2O_2)、F(N/NaClO_2)等脱砷剂脱砷效果明显.其中,复合吸收剂A、F脱除效率基本都能达到100%.复合吸收剂A成本较低,具有很好的工业应用前景.     

氢化物发生无色散原子荧光分析法测定水中的砷和硒的含量

采用断续流动氢化物发生无色散原子荧光分析法同时测定水中的微量砷、硒,确定了仪器及氢化物产生的最佳实验条件。测定结果表明实际样品中砷的回收率在85%~110%之间;硒的回收率在92%~102%之间,样品测量值的相对标准偏差砷在1.1%~4.8%之间,硒在5.0%~5.9%之间。本方法可一次消化样品并同时测定砷、硒的含量,具有操作简单、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高、分析结果稳定可靠、节省试剂等特点,并且采用自动进样,适于大量样品的快速分析。     

稀硝酸溶液中微量砷的测定方法

目的为了确定测定稀HNO3溶液中低浓度的砷含量的简便方法,弥补国家标准砷含量测定方法的不足。方法利用HNO3和H2SO4分解温度的差异,将HNO3分解,再用分光光度计测定其中砷含量。结果经过实验确定在λ=515 nm时,稀HNO3中As含量与吸光度之间存在良好的线性关系:即mAs=39.06A-2.81,其中mAs单位为μg(mAs=1~13μg),线性相关系数r=0.9993,稀HNO3中As含量测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD为2.8%~3.5%,检出极限为0.5μg,平均回收率为96.3%。结论此方法可用于测定稀HNO3溶液中的微量砷,而且结果可靠,重现性好。     

上海市区地表灰尘对降雨径流中汞砷污染的影响

以上海市区地表灰尘和降雨径流中汞砷为研究对象,探讨其环境效应.研究地表灰尘中汞砷粒径效应.结果表明:3个不同类型采样点中,汞砷高值都集中在小于125μm范围内,基本显示出粒径效应.对屋面和交通干道降雨径流中的汞砷含量进行分析,除交通干道径流的汞之外,屋面径流和交通干道径流汞砷浓度都随着降雨历时有衰减的趋势,并且地表灰尘...     

Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

ABSTRACT

We describe two diminutive species of rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) from small nearshore islands off the coast of Baja California in the western Gulf of California, Mexico. In order to test the hypothesis that some island populations represent cohesive species entities, we applied linear discriminant analysis and uniform validation procedures to multiple classes of intrinsic trait data. By using previously recognised species to establish a threshold for species recognition, we found that assignment of specimens to either new species was as probable as with other established rattlesnake species within the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) complex. We also found that assignment of specimens from other island populations was not as probable as for the established species, and these populations are referable to C. pyrrhus. The species endemic to Piojo Island is most closely related to other island and mainland populations of C. pyrrhus whereas the species endemic to Cabeza de Caballo Island is apparently most closely related to C. angelensis, a nearby island endemic of large body size. However, patterns from both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, and phenotypic variation, indicate that evolutionary trajectories of both of these species have been influenced by introgression from C. angelensis. We speculate that collective evidence based on contrasting patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial evolution supports a hybrid origin of the species from Cabeza de Caballo Island followed by exceptionally rapid mitochondrial evolution. Consistent with small body size, both species show a reduction in various scale counts relative to other species of the C. mitchellii species complex, suggesting that dwarfism is not simply a plastic response to insular conditions.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn.lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBC8A11B-04A3-4231-85CA-3972DF5A42FF     

A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations

The mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri from three syntopic and five allotopic populations was studied. All recordings were made during the mating season. We tested the hypothesis that the call of P. ridibundus from allotopic populations would differ from that in syntopic populations with P. kurtmuelleri. For the comparative analysis we used univariate and multivariate statistical methods and the following characteristics: call duration, pulse group duration, pulse group interval, pulse group period, pulse group number, minimum, maximum, fundamental and dominant frequencies and pulse energy. Analyses reveal a trait divergence in most of the studied characteristics of the signals, with stronger differentiation between P. kurtmuelleri and P. ridibundus in syntopic populations than between the two species in allotopic ones. The possible evolutionary implications of this divergence are discussed.     

Microstructures and nanostructures of high Andean Penaincisalia lycaenid butterfly scales (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): descriptions and interpretations

The scales of one high Andean eumaeine lycaenid butterfly species with pale dorsal coloration and four species with vivid dorsal colour were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The micro‐ and nanostructures are illustrated, described, measured, and interpreted. The vivid colours in the species are caused by a pepper‐pot nanostructure of Urania‐type scales. This nanostructure is a three‐dimensional lattice within the body of the individual scale. The scales of the non‐vivid orange species are lacking this nanostructure and the surfaces of their scales show high microstructure irregularities. This absence of vivid colour may be correlated with thermal regulation. The irregularity of the scale microstructures suggests a heavy environmental pressure on the populations sampled. Previously unknown structural variations of Urania‐type scales are also described. The existence of closed scale microcell structures, explained as an apomorphic character in the tribe Eumaeini, most probably evolved independently several times. It is hypothesized that scale micro‐ and nanostructure modifications develop syntopically within a population, which in turn can lead to rapid diversification.     

三相流态化浸出锑精炼渣的研究

本文对锑精炼渣进行了三相流态化浸出的小型及扩大试验研究,探讨了锑精炼渣水浸分离砷锑的控制环节。考察了锑精炼渣浆的流变特性,讨论了温度、粒度、时间液固比等因素对浸出过程的影响。小型及扩大试验均表明,在常温和液固比为2.0的条件下浸出30min,砷浸出率可达97%。三相流态化浸出可在低液固比下进行,能强化浸出过程,缩短浸出时间。