城市固体垃圾热解设备与特性研究

针对无筛分城市垃圾热解的实用技术进行了研究,开发出内热源和外热源联合使用的垃圾热解设备.同时对设备的温度变化、垃圾热解特性、产气规律以及影响热解气热值的主要因素等进行了详细的分析.结果表明:实用热解设备的产气率高,理想热解温度在700℃以下.垃圾热解气中H2的体积分数达15.2%,C2H4,C2H6,C3H6和CH4的体积分数总和是10%,热解气的平均热值为7546.4 kJ/m3.设备运行稳定且温度特性满足设计要求.     

固体废弃物处理的市场与公共管制效用

固体废弃物是当今环境的主要污染源之一.世界各国在解决固体废弃物问题方面的基本经验是综合运用市场手段与公共管制手段进行处理,运用环境经济学与法学的相关理论对这2种手段的效用进行了分析,根据它们各自的特点,得出结论:市场手段在处理固体废弃物方面具有独特的效用与功能,但也有不完善的地方,必须引入公共管制手段.公共管制手段对于弥补市场的不完善性具有重要作用,但由于自己固有的缺陷,必须维持在必要的限度内.     

利用废聚苯乙烯塑料制备专用材料的研究进展

简单介绍了废旧聚苯乙烯塑料回收利用的方法;讨论了利用废聚苯乙烯塑料制备防水涂料、防锈涂料、膨胀型阻燃涂料等专用涂料,制备乳液型粘合剂、涂料,以及制备高分子阻燃剂、减水剂、聚苯乙烯磺酸和絮凝剂、阻垢剂、对硝基苯甲酸的技术;指出了利用废旧聚苯乙烯塑料制备乳液型粘合剂、涂料和专用材料是其再生资源化技术的发展方向。     

废热锅炉的危险有害因素分析和对策

分析了废热锅炉在化工生产中存在的危险、有害因素,提出了防止废热锅炉危险的安全对策。     

稀土拮抗污水对小麦幼苗过氧化物同工酶的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法，研究了小麦种子采用不同浓度的Ce（ON）3处理前后，用污水处理厂处理前后污水浇灌下生长出的小麦幼苗叶的过氧化物酶（POD）酶谱的变化．结果表明，污水中的重金属离子胁迫能促进POD的表达，而稀土元素对重金属离子有拮抗作用，使小麦幼苗叶的POD同工酶酶带发生变化．     

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的工程性质表征

分析测定了城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰与收集、运输和处置相关的工程性质.测定结果表明,飞灰具有含水率低(0.08%～1.15%)、堆积密度小(0.646×103～0.776×103 kg·m-3)、渗透能力强(8.71×10-5～1.16×10-4 cm·s-1)、易吸水等特点;飞灰粒径均值为79μm,d50为56μm,其中38.5～74 μm粒径段飞灰约占总量的50%;在含水率＜25%时,飞灰含水率越高,流动性越差,含水率＞25%时,含水率越低,流动性越差;含水率为20%时,飞灰的压缩系数达到最小值,承载力最大,与击实曲线中含水率20%时干密度最大的结果一致;飞灰加水后孔隙率减小,但中孔比例增加,与水接触过程中,放热效应较强烈,24 h累积放热量可达到51 J·g-1;从填埋作业角度分析,飞灰含水率宜控制在20%,同时,要注意飞灰与水接触时的热效应.     

硫酸生产废水中除砷方法探讨

对硫酸生产中净化工序废水进行处理，根据其含砷量多少，介绍其处理方法、工艺流程及机理，经处理后的污水均可达到国家排放标准，并可取得良好的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

Microbial communities in microcosm soils treated with battery waste

Battery waste is one of the most destructive hazards to our environment,especially to the soil.In order to understand the effects of the battery waste on the microbial communities in soil,microcosm soils were treated with the powder made from the battery waste.Microbial biomass and respiration were measured after 15,30,45,and 60 days of the treatment,and catabolic capability and Bi- olog profile were determined after 60 days.Microbial biomass was declined by all treatments,while microbial respiration and catabolic ca- pability were enhanced.Although microbial biomass recovered after a period of incubation,microbial respiratory quotient,catabolic capa- bility and community structure remained significantly affected.Our results also suggest that microbial respiratory quotient and Biolog pa- rameters are more sensitive than microbial biomass to the battery stress on bioavailability.     

焚烧炉中单元垃圾干燥过程的试验研究

通过在马弗炉内以及循环流化床内对单元垃圾（土豆块）进行干燥试验，分别获得了其在炉内的干燥特性曲线．试验结果显示，在马弗炉内低温区干燥温度对垃圾干燥过程的影响较大；在同一干燥温度下，随着垃圾厚度的增加，干燥时间近似呈指数形式增加；在干燥的大部分阶段，土豆块内温度随含湿量减少呈逐渐上升趋势．在循环流化床内，土豆块的整个干燥过程中只有降速段，而不存在恒速段和初始段，垃圾厚度对干燥过程有显著影响．     

Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Agricultural Waste Materials

Abilities of agricultural waste materials (walnut shell-WS, rice husk-RH, and peanut hull-PH) were tested as adsorbents for the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption kinetics mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature. The best results are obtained at 15g/L adsorbent concentration, 60min contact time, 298K temperature, and 50mg/L adsorbate initial concentration at pH 2. The adsorption isotherms, using initial concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) between 10 and 500mg/L for the Cr(Ⅵ) removal, show the maximum metal uptake capacities of adsorbent were 10.48, 6.71, and 8.54mg/g for WS, RH, and PH, respectively. And the adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for WS, RH, and PH with correlation coefficients of 0.9862, 0.9723, and 0.9714, respectively. Moreover, the FTIR analysis of WS, RH, and PH before and after adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) suggested that Cr ions were combined to some functional groups of compounds contained in these materials.