鄱阳湖湿地水生生物重金属污染的特性分析

选取鄱阳湖区饶河入湖段、吴城自然保护区、南矶山自然保护区等典型样地为主要研究对象,分析了田螺(C.cathayensis)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)、克氏鳌虾(procambius clarkii)、小虾等典型的水生动物以及湖区主要水生植物类群中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等重金属元素的污染水平及富集系数.分析结果表明,动物样品中,田螺、克氏鳌虾、小虾体内具有较高的重金属含量;而各种水生植物对Cu、Zn、Pb均有不同程度的吸收,其中Zn和Cu作为生命的必需元素更易被植物所吸收或富集;而Pb与Cd作为毒性元素被植物体的吸收程度各不相同,其中绝大多数植物对Cd的吸收量极少,表现出一定的抗性.植物的重金属富集水平与其生长环境的重金属浓度相关性较明显,环境背景中重金属含量水平越高,植物富集重金属的含量水平也越高.     

北京水生维管植物群落调查

记载了北京地区的典型水生维管植物群落15种:芦苇群落、香蒲群落、豆瓣菜群落、水苦荬群落、酸模叶蓼群落、浮萍群落、紫萍群落、水鳖群落、槐叶苹群落、莕菜群落、眼子菜群落、菹草群落、水毛茛群落、马来眼子菜 穿叶眼子菜群落、狐尾藻群落,分属挺水植物群落、浮水植物群落、浮叶根生植物群落、沉水植物群落4大类型.群落的组成以世界广布的植物为主,其次为温带性质的种类.同时还对水生维管植物群落的生态价值、人类干扰及保护和利用等方面进行了讨论.     

Aquatic Coleoptera from Pakistan: faunistic and zoogeographical contribution (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae: Dytiscidae: Hydrophilidae)

Records of 19 species and one subspecies of water beetles of four families: Gyrinidae (two species), Dytiscidae (seven species), Hydrophilidae (10 species), and Spercheidae (one subspecies) from Pakistan are listed, based on collected material. Four genera and 10 species are recorded from Pakistan for the first time. The newly recorded genera are: Patrus, Helochares, Sternolophus and Coelostoma. The newly recorded species are: Dineutus spinosus (Fabricius, 1781), Patrus haemorrhous (Régimbart, 1891), Copelatus freudei Guignot, 1955, Copelatus sp1, Copelatus sp2, Enochrus ater (Kuwert, 1888), Helochares anchoralis Sharp, 1890, Sternolophus rufipes (Fabricius, 1792), Paracymus aeneus (Germar, 1824) and Coelostoma stultum (Walker, 1858). Zoogeographic affinities of the recorded species are discussed. According to their current distribution, the 18 species known from Pakistan can be classified into five zoogeographical categories.     

动物指(趾)长比研究进展

指长比(FLRs)是指人类或动物的指(趾)长度的比值.目前人们认为人类的食指与无名指的长度比值(2D∶4D)可以作为是否受到产前性激素的影响(PAE)一个生物学标记.近几十年来人类FLRs研究在国内外得到快速发展.已经涉及基因调控、利手现象、心脏病、乳腺癌、性格特征、不对称、运动能力和孤独症等方面.进一步研究发现在其他一些哺乳动物中FLRs也存在一定性差,例如,小鼠、狒狒、大猩猩,黑猩猩、斑马雀和蜥蜴等.本文对动物的FLRs研究进展做一综述.     

《山海经》兽形形象变形叙事类型探幽

《山海经》“宏诞迂夸，多奇怪俶傥之言”“侈谈神怪，百无一真”，是“古今记异之祖”与“古今语怪之祖”，作为先秦文献中记载祯祥变怪物之最甚者，它对光怪陆离的神祗神格的叙述，通过兽形形象的变形得以呈现，可谓登峰造极，将原始初民朴拙的综合生命观念及虔诚的原始图腾信仰淋漓尽致地展现出来，成为变形叙事的一座高峰。纵览《山海经》，神祗神格的变形物象描摹可谓俯拾皆是，打造了无与伦比的变形神话叙事世界，其生成最大程度地借助了原始初民图腾崇拜的力量，通过天神、地祗、神兽神格的形象叙述，创造了俶诡怪诞、瑰丽旖旎的变形世界。依据人类与兽类变形的表现方式，《山海经》中的兽形形象变形叙事可凝炼为人兽嵌合型、兽兽嵌合型两种类型。     

Cryopreservation of parasites

Summary In this review, advances in cryopreservation of helminth parasites are reported. Our own studies demonstrate that metacestodes ofEchinococcus multilocularis can be maintained in a viable state for at least 1–2 years by appropriate deep-freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. Infective larvae of the nematodeToxocara canis cryopreserved for 1 week in liquid nitrogen were maintained after thawing in vitro in a chemically defined medium for 35 weeks. Although motility of previously deep-frozen larvae was reduced they produced secretory/excretory antigens of similar immunodiagnostic quality as those from unfrozen larvae. Whereas infective larvae of several species of trichostrongylids can be easily cryopreserved, the infective larvae of the cattle lungworm,Dictyocaulus viviparus, and muscle larvae ofTrichinella spiralis are more sensitive to damage by subzero temperatures. Therefore, survival rates after cryopreservation are low, but improvement of the cooling schedules appears to be feasible. It is concluded that cryopreservation of certain stages of helminth and protozoan parasites is a useful technique for long-term storage of defined isolates, which can contribute considerably to reducing the number of experimental animals usually required for serial passages.     

Genetic and developmental defects of the mouse corpus callosum

Summary Among adult BALB mice fewer than 20% usually have a small or absent corpus callosum (CC) and inheritance is polygenic. In the fetus at the time when the CC normally forms, however, almost all BALB mice show a distinct bulge in the interhemispheric fissure and grossly retarded commissure formation, and inheritance appears to result from two autosomal loci, provided the overall maturity of fetuses is equated. Most fetuses recover from the early defect when the CC axons manage to cross over the hippocampal commissure, and thus there is developmental compensation for a genetic defect rather than arrested midline development. The pattern of interhemispheric connections when the adult CC is very small is topographically normal in most respects, despite the unusual paths of the axons. The proportion of mice which fail to recover completely can be doubled by certain features of the maternal environment, and the severity of defects in adults can also be exacerbated by new genetic mutations which create new BALB substrains. The behavioral consequences of absent CC in mice are not known, nor have electrophysiological patterns been examined. The mouse provides an important model for prenatal ontogeny and cortical organization in human CC agenesis, because these data are not readily available for the human condition.     

山西高原草地资源的类型,数学评价以及合理利用问题

山西高原草地资源十分丰富。本文把水热条件和植被特点作为主要依据,参考其它自然要素,将山西草地分为七大类,并记叙各类的主要特征。应用模糊综合评判模型,对山西主要草地进行了综合评价。结果表明,山西高原以四等草地分布最广;二、三等草地在畜牧业上占有重要地位;五等、六等草地占有一定比例;一等、七等草地面积较小。     

肉碱在水产动物营养上的研究进展

综合评述了肉碱从1905年被人类发现至今,近一个世纪来国内外动物营养界在水产动物营养方面的研究进展状况,其内容包括(1)肉碱的营养机制及其作用机理;(2)国外在水产动物上对肉碱的研究进展状况;(3)国内近10年来在水产动物上对肉碱的研究进展状况;(4)21世纪研究的方向及领域.     

金沙江(渡口段)水环境质量评价方法

本文着重讨论了水环境质量评价中的质量控制,利用主成份分析,模糊聚类分析进行主次污染因子的确定,选择评价参数,校核环境质量分级均取得较好的效果。悬浮相颗粒态金属参与水质评价时,探讨了悬浮相金属的评价标,应用于金沙江(渡口段)得到满意的结果。