Anti-nociceptive role of neuropeptide Y in the nucleus accumbens in rats with inflammation, an effect modulated by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors

Recent study in our laboratory showed that neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays an antinociceptive role in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in intact rats. The present study was performed to further investigate the effect of NPY in nociceptive modulation in the NAc of rats with inflammation, and the possible interaction between NPY and the opioid systems. Experimental inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the left hindpaw of rats. Intra-NAc administration of NPY induced a dose-dependent increase of hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) to thermal and mechanical stimulations in rats with inflammation. The anti-nociceptive effect of NPY was significantly blocked by subsequent intra-NAc injection of the Y1 receptor antagonist NPY28-36, suggesting an involvement of Y1 receptor in the NPY-induced anti-nociception. Furthermore, intra-NAc administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone significantly antagonized the increased HWLs induced by preceding intra-NAc injection of NPY, suggesting an involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the NPY-induced anti-nociception in the NAc during inflammation. Moreover, the NPY-induced anti-nociception was attenuated by following intra-NAc injection of the μ-opioid antagonist β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), and κ-opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), but not by δ-opioid antagonist naltrindole, indicating that μ- and κ-opioid receptors, not δ-opioid receptor, are involved in the NPY-induced anti-nociception in the NAc in rats with inflammation.     

金翅中脑峡核的组织学研究

分析与讨论了峡核和视觉功能关系,为进一步研究峡核的功能提供形态学资料.制备冰冻切片,用美蓝染色和HE染色观察了鸣禽——金翅(Carduelis sinica)中脑峡核的位置、形态和细胞组成.结果表明:峡核中Imc和Ipc中的细胞存在明显的形态学差异;Imc中的细胞多梨形、椭圆形,胞体较大,平均为16~33μm,有多个树突分技;Ipc中细胞胞体相对较小,平均为10~20μm,有较少树突分枝,多为圆形胞体.     

微观sdIBM—2＋2q.p中核^138Ce正宇称能谱结构

基于微观相互作用玻色子-费米子形式体系，构造出唯象IBM-1 2q.p模型的微观实现，微观sdIBM-2 2q.p方案，应用它成功地再现了^138Ce核的基态带，β带，γ带和部分高自旋态能谱，给出了近来实验上观察到该核与单粒子态共存的集体性结构的一种解释，模型给出了一个玻色子从退耕，拆散，占据闯入轨道到参加顺排所需要的最小能量值，计算出的概观信息表明：一个d玻色子的突然拆对不会引起核状态突变；核子顺排释放的能量有利于其它玻色子再拆对；^138Ce核的高自旋态属子两准质子转动带。     

浅议企业名牌战略

品牌是企业和产品的象征和代表 ,品牌在企业的营销活动中发挥着重要作用。探讨名牌战略的构成具有重大的现实意义。核心战略、辅助战略、维护战略是名牌战略中不可或缺的三个组成部分。应正确理解名牌战略的意义和处理三者之间的关系 ,并依照三者的关系 ,有计划有步骤地循序推进。     

论生物基因组的起源和进化

通过分析核基因组、线粒体基因组和叶体基因组的大小与结构，发现这三种基因组教师阴“小基因组”和“大基因组”的形式及与之对应的结构特点，认为它们各自的祖先都是通过分别与“小基因组”和“大基因组”相应的两种途径进化成成为现象核（类核）基因组、线粒体基因组和叶绿体基因组，发展了生物基因组起源和进化的统一模式。     

金鱼精子头在卵细胞质中转化的超微结构研究

用透射电镜研究了金鱼卵子受精后起始阶段精子头在卵细胞质中的转化过程，结果表明：这种转化同样必须经精子核膜的崩解、原来高度致密的精子染色质的解聚与分散以及新的核膜（雄原核核膜）的形成。     

磁场中电子绕原子核运动角频率的变化

本文以氢原子为例，讨论并定量计算了在磁场中电子绕原子核运动角频率的变化。     

黄喉鹀、黄雀巨细胞核和层状核的听觉传入联系及反馈环路

本文用HRP顺、逆行追踪方法,研究黄喉鵐、黄雀延髓巨细胞核(NM)及层状核(NL)的听觉传入联系。将HRP微电泳入NM,在同侧听神经、上橄榄核和双侧丘脑内侧螺旋核等处见到逆行标记细胞及纤维。将HRP微电泳入NL,密集的标记细胞分布于双侧NM等处。结果表明,听神经传入巨细胞核,经换元后投射至双侧层状核,巨细胞核还接受上橄榄核和丘脑内侧螺旋核的传入投射。因此,在低位脑干内形成巨细胞核→层状核→上橄榄核→巨细胞核的听觉反馈环路。     

CVD金刚石薄膜的界面能量分析

分析了CVD金刚石薄膜的界面能量情况,并由此研究了金刚石成核几率、晶核取向、附着强度与基底材料结构和性能的关系     

Analysis of nuclear apoptotic process in a cell-free system

We report an analysis of the apoptotic process of mouse liver nuclei induced in a cell-free carrot cytosol system by cytochrome c. Typical characteristics of apoptosis were observed, such as chromatin condensation, margination, apoptotic bodies and DNA ladders. Furthermore, transmission and scanning electron microscope analysis of the apoptotic nuclei detected chromatin-free nuclear vesicles before apoptotic bodies appeared at a comparatively late phase. When AC-YVAD-CHO, an inhibitor of caspase 6, was introduced into the system, these vesicles and apoptotic bodies disappeared completely within our study sections. We confirmed the results using whole-mount electron microscopy, and found that although the nuclear lamina was destroyed early, the nuclear matrix largely remained intact during the course of apoptosis. The nuclear matrix played an important role in maintaining the integrity of apoptotic cells and connecting the apoptotic bodies and apoptotic nucleus. Received 29 September 2000; revised 10 December 2000; accepted 13 December 2000