时变海场景双基SAR回波实时模拟方法研究

基于时变海场景双站散射机理,结合双基合成孔径雷达(SAR,Synthetic Aperture Radar)成像几何模型,提出了一种时变海场景双基SAR射频回波信号实时模拟方法。针对时变海场景的复杂耦合散射,采用多径近似理论建立了双基SAR海面目标回波信号模型,提取了时变海面双基SAR系统响应函数,结合高性能计算技术、同步动态随机存取(SDRAM)技术以及全系统交换设计,实现了时变海场景双基SAR射频回波信号实时模拟,最后仿真测试结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

临近空间慢速平台SAR结合运动补偿的SCFT算法

针对临近空间慢速平台SAR轨迹运动偏差的空变性进行了分析.在二维频率域利用系统传输函数(STF)和变尺度傅里叶变换(SCFT)处理算法有效补偿了距离迁移和关于快时间波数的高阶相位,指出在运动补偿过程中,可将轨迹运动偏差分解成空不变项和空变项.在二雏频率域,结合一阶、二阶运动误差补偿的方法,提出了临近空间慢速平台SAR结合运动补偿的SCFT处理算法.最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了本算法的正确性.     

Cauchy pdf modelling and its application to SAR image despeckling

Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） imagery is a kind of coherent system that produces a random pattern, named speckle, which degrades the merit of SAR images and affects their further application seriously. Therefore, how to restore SAR image from the speckle has become a necessary step in post-processing of image. A new despeckling method is putforth on the basis of wavelet. First, a new approach on the basis of ＂second kind statistics＂ is used to estimate the dispersion parameter of the Cauchy distribution. Then, this Cauchy prior is applied to model the distribution of the wavelet coefficients for the log-transformed reflectance of SAR image. Based on the above ideas, a new homomorphic wavelet-based maximum a posterior （MAP） despeckling method is proposed. Finally, the simulated speckled image and the real SAR image are used to verify our proposed method and the results show that it outperforms the other methods in terms of the speckle reduction and the feature retention.     

适于大斜视角星载SAR系统的改进距离┐多普勒算法

分析了当天线斜视角增大时,导致传统距离－多普勒成像算法性能下降的主要误差来源。提出了一种适合大斜视角星载ＳＡＲ系统的改进距离－多普勒算法,并给出了处理仿真点目标数据得到图像质量的比较。结果表明,在大斜视角情况下,改进算法的性能远大于传统的距离－多普勒成像算法。     

Pre-processing for time domain image formation in SS-BSAR system

A pre-processing procedure is designed for a space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) system when a time domain image formation algorithm is employed. Three crucial technical issues relating to the procedure are fully discussed. Firstly, unlike image formation algorithms operating in the frequency domain, a time domain algorithm requires the accurate global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time and position. This paper proposes acquisition of this information using a time-and-spatial transfer with precise ephemeris and interpolation. Secondly, synchronization errors and compensation methods in SS-BSAR are analyzed. Finally, taking the non-ideal factors in the echo and the compatibility of image formation algorithms into account, a matched filter based on the minimum delay is constructed. Experimental result using real data suggest the pre-processing is functioning properly.     

平行光入射时的圆孔衍射

用标量衍射理论导出了平行光入射时，圆孔衍射的精确积分表达式。用数值积分法可求出整个衍射空间的光场和光强的分布。在某些情况下可得出积分结果。     

高斯光束的矩孔和圆孔衍射

应用亥姆霍兹方程和傅里叶变换，对高斯光束通过狭缝、矩孔和圆孔时的衍射时行了分析。在傍轴条件下导出了相应的近似公式，并给出了数值计算结果。     

非相干光转孔散斑照相法

本文报导了我们关于非相干光转孔散斑照相法的研究结果。     

飞行器定位中的地形起伏影响及修正方法研究

针对地面高程起伏对机载雷达成像定位的影响,分别从景像匹配定位和飞行器定位两个方面探讨了地形起伏的影响,提出了一种基于雷达成像几何关系和野值剔除来实现飞行器精确定位的方法。该方法能够避免地形起伏对景像匹配的影响而产生的飞行器定位偏差,较好地修正地形起伏对飞行器定位影响而产生的偏移,并适于飞行器上实时处理。经实验验证,当飞行高度在6 km时,在经度和纬度方向飞行器定位中误差分别为13.70 m和28.04 m,保证了1个像素(32 m)内的定位精度。