Peptide primary messengers in plants

The peptide primary messengers regulate embryonic development, cell growth and many other activities in animal cells. But recent evidence verified that peptide primary messengers are also involved in plant defense responses, the recognition between pollen and stigma and keep the balance between cell proliferation and differentiations in shoot apical meristems. Those results suggest that plants may actually make wide use of peptide primary messengers, both in embryonic development and late life when they rally their cells to defend against pathogens and insect pests. The recent advance in those aspects is reviewed.     

枝动菌对变压器介质油及其抗氧化剂代谢的初步研究

研究了枝动菌对变压器介质油中抗氧化剂T501的代谢以及枝动菌在氧化介质油的过程中其数量与油中主要成分（环烷烃、 烷烃和芳香烃）以及油介损之间的关系. 结果表明, 枝动菌完全可以利用T501抗氧化剂作为惟一碳源进行繁殖. 在枝动菌氧化介质油的过程中, 随着油中菌量的增加, 油中抗氧化剂T501的含量逐步降低. 与此同时, 变压器油中的烷烃、 环烷烃和芳香烃含量均呈下降趋势, 进而导致变压器油介损逐步增大.     

新型肾综合征出血热EIA诊断试剂盒的研制

用多肽合仪合成汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白（NP）(aa17－66）50个氨基酸残基的核心序列,以此为抗原,建立特羿性检测抗汉坦病毒IgG和IgM的酶联免疫吸附剂测定法（ELISA）,通过实验发现这一序列具有较强的抗原性,研制出了以合成肽为抗原的新型牧场异性检测抗汉坦病毒IgG和IgM的诊断试剂盒,通过对肾综合征出血热抗体阳性血清的检测,效果良好。     

Effects of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion on mitochondrial function and susceptibility to oxidative stress

We investigated the effects of ischemia duration on the functional response of mitochondria to reperfusion and its relationship with changes in mitochondrial susceptibility to oxidative stress. Mitochondria were isolated from hearts perfused by the Langendorff technique immediately after different periods of global ischemia or reperfusion following such ischemia periods. Rates of O₂ consumption and H₂O₂ release with complex I- and complex II-linked substrates, lipid peroxidation, overall antioxidant capacity, capacity to remove H₂O₂, and susceptibility to oxidative stress were determined. The effects of ischemia on some parameters were time dependent so that the changes were greater after 45 than after 20 min of ischemia, or were significantly different to the nonischemic control only after 45 min of ischemia. Thus, succinate-supported state 3 respiration exhibited a significant decrease after 20 min of ischemia and a greater decrease after 45 min, while pyruvate malate-supported respiration showed a significant decrease only after 45 min of ischemia, indicating an ischemia-induced early inhibition of complex II and a late inhibition of complex I. Furthermore, both succinate and pyruvate malate-supported H₂O₂ release showed significant increases only after 45 min of ischemia. Similarly, whole antioxidant capacity significantly increased and susceptibility to oxidants significantly decreased after 45 min of ischemia. Such changes were likely due to the accumulation of reducing equivalents, which are able to remove peroxides and maintain thiols in a reduced state. This condition, which protects mitochondria against oxidants, increases mitochondrial production of oxyradicals and oxidative damage during reperfusion. This could explain the smaller functional recovery of the tissue and the further decline of the mitochondrial function after reperfusion following the longer period of oxygen deprivation. Received 18 May 2001; received after revision 17 July 2001; accepted 24 July 2001     

Natural peptide analgesics: the role of solution conformation

Endogenous opioids have been studied extensively since their discovery, in the hope of finding a perfect analgesic, devoid of the secondary effects of alkaloid opioids. However, the design of selective opioid agonists has proved very difficult. First, structural studies of peptides in general are hampered by their intrinsic flexibility. Second, the relationship between constitution and the so-called 'bioactive conformation' is far from obvious. Ideally, a direct structural study of the complex between a peptide and its receptor should answer both questions, but such a study is not possible, because opioid receptors are large membrane proteins, difficult to study by standard structural techniques. Thus, conformational studies of opioid peptides are still important for drug design and also for indirect receptor mapping. This review deals with conformational studies of natural opioid peptides in several solvents that mimic in part the different environments in which the peptides exert their action. None of the structural investigations yields a convincing bioactive conformation, but the global conformation of longer peptides in biomimetic environments can shed light on the interaction with receptors. Received 15 April 2001; received after revision 10 May 2001; accepted 11 May 2001     

新疆产细虫草菌醇提物抗氧化及抗肺癌活性研究

利用DPPH自由基清除能力与总还原能力分析,对新疆产细虫草发酵菌丝体的菌醇提物(OGPDC)的抗氧化能力进行测定.MTT分析OGPDC对肺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制作用.抗氧化结果表明OGPDC具有较好的清除DPPH自由基及总还原能力,且清除自由基和总还原能力随着醇提物浓度的升高,逐渐增强,清除DPPH自由基的IC50值为1.952 mg/mL;MTT结果显示OGPDC对肺癌A549细胞增殖有一定的抑制作用,随着浓度提高而增强,处理48 h时药物的IC50值为10.87 μg/mL.另外,利用用流式细胞仪检测OGPDC作用48 h后肺癌A549细胞周期变化及凋亡率,其总凋亡率高于仅加培养液的对照组,最高总凋亡率为34.77%,使A549细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期.结果表明新疆产细虫草菌醇提物(OGPDC)在一定的浓度范围内具有抗氧化及抗癌活性,暗示新疆产细虫草发酵菌丝体具有重要的开发利用价值.     

一种基于小分子多肽配体检测AD7c-NTP的新方法

与阿尔兹海默症相关的神经纤维蛋白(AD7c-NTP)是目前被广泛关注的一种用于早期诊断阿尔兹海默症的标志物,该标志物具有易获得、无创性的检测优势。本研究目的是检测尿液中的阿尔兹海默症标志物AD7c-NTP。通过分子模拟设计小分子多肽配体,固相合成方法合成多肽,基因克隆、原核表达AD7c-NTP,采用色谱方法分析小分子多肽配体的吸附能力、AD7c-NTP的检测范围以及在模拟尿液中的吸附情况。研究设计的DEWH配体可以与AD7c-NTP特异性结合,并且结合率达到了85%,该方法检测的线性范围是200~900 μg/L。该研究提供了一种便携的、可重复检测AD7c-NTP的方法,为阿尔兹海默早期诊断及延缓疾病奠定基础。     

地形对赤霞珠葡萄酒酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响

为揭示地形条件对赤霞珠葡萄酒酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响,对黄土高原地区（山西省乡宁县）不同地形条件下（平地和坡地）赤霞珠葡萄酒的酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性（DPPH自由基清除法、铜离子还原能力和超氧自由基清除能力）进行分析.结果显示：海拔对赤霞珠果实的品质有一定影响,但影响程度在不同品质指标间存在差异;在黄土高原地区,低海拔平地赤霞珠葡萄酒的酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力均优于高海拔坡地赤霞珠葡萄酒.     

发育过程中小麦叶片超弱发光及酶活变化

测定了发育过程中小麦叶片的超弱发光,以及叶片中的色素、蛋白质含量和几种抗氧化酶活性. 结果表明,叶片的超弱发光变化与CAT,POD活性呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与AP活性、蛋白含量变化呈显著负相关(P<0.01).