当归挥发油的提取工艺优化及抗氧化性研究

为了探索当归挥发油的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,以道地当归药材为试材,采取单因素及响应面分析法,将当归粉碎粒径、加水倍数、提取时间作为考察因素,以挥发油提取率为考察指标,优选挥发油提取工艺条件,并在此工艺条件下提取当归挥发油,利用DPPH自由基清除率测定挥发油抗氧化活性。结果表明最佳工艺参数为粉碎粒径24目、加水倍数6倍、提取时间7 h,此工艺条件当归挥发油提取率高;抗氧化性试验表明当归挥发油质量浓度为1.2 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率最高为51.9%。该试验应用单因素及响应曲面模型优化的工艺稳定,挥发油提取率高,此条件下生产的挥发油具有较好的抗氧化性,为当归挥发油提取工艺参数的明确及优化提供了科学、合理的依据。     

面包树树叶类黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化性评价

为探究面包树(Artocarpus altilis)树叶类黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,本研究以面包树树叶为原料,乙醇为提取剂,采用常温提取法、回流提取法、超声波辅助提取法3种方法进行提取,得到最佳提取方法;在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数86.15%、固液比1∶8.3 (g/mL)、提取温度74.03℃、超声时间71.33 min,类黄酮得率为8.87%,含量为0.93 mg/mL。类黄酮对DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值为0.23 mg/mL,对ABTS⁺自由基的IC₅₀值为0.024 mg/mL。上述工艺条件能有效提取面包树树叶中的类黄酮成分,其具有较强的自由基清除能力,为面包树树叶类黄酮资源的开发与利用提供了参考。     

Peptidergic co-transmission inAplysia: Functional implications for rhythmic behaviors

Despite their ubiquitous presence in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the behavioral functions of peptide co-transmitters remain to be elucidated. The marine molluscAplysia, whose simple nervous system facilitates the study of the neural basis of behavior, was used to investigate the role of peptidergic co-transmission in feeding behavior. Several novel modulatory neuropeptides were purified, and localized to identified cholinergic motorneurons. Physiological and biochemical studies demonstrated that these peptides are released when the motorneourons fire at frequencies that occur during normal behavior, and that the peptides modify the relationship between muscle contraction amplitude and relaxation rate so as to maintain optimal motor output when the intensity and frequency of feeding behavior change.     

蚕丝蛋白仿生多肽RAGA16的纳米结构与性能研究

利用天然蛋白质氨基酸序列设计生物仿生材料是近年来兴起的一个热门研究领域.本文中将蚕丝蛋白特征氨基酸序列(Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ser)部分引入离子互补型多肽RA-DA16-Ⅰ中,设计了新型多肽RAGA16.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、旋转流变仪(Rheometer)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、倒置荧光显微镜等技术对多肽RAGA16的自组装结构、肽链的二级结构、流变学性能以及细胞相容性等进行研究.结果表明,蚕丝蛋白多肽序列引入后,多肽RAGA16具有自组装特性,能够自组装形成致密的纳米级三维网络结构,所形成的水凝胶力学性能明显提高,通过分析得知这可能是由于多肽二级结构中Silk Ⅰ结构成分比例增加所致.荧光染色显示,绝大多数接种于多肽水凝胶中的小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1能存活,且在不同的三维平面上生长增殖.综上,利用蚕丝蛋白特征序列对RADA16-Ⅰ进行仿生改性后,对拓展多肽材料在生物医学领域的应用具有重要意义.     

Effects of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.) flower extracts on mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Mercury(II) is an important factor in hepatotoxicity that can enter the body through marine diets and amalgams.In the present study,the protective effect of the Eriobotrya japonica flower extract(EJFE) on HgCl 2-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated.Five mg/kg of mercuric chloride in drinking water was given to rats either with saline or EJFE(100 and 200 mg/kg as intraperitoneal(IP)) for 30 d.The mercury levels in different groups of liver tissues of the rats were measured with flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy(F-AAS).Also,mercury accumulation in the liver of the rats was modeled by using a parallel chemical kinetic model.The results showed that HgCl 2-induced oxidative damage led to a significant decrease in glutathione(GSH) and the total antioxidant capacity(TAC) levels,and to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level.Accumulated mercury was 14.47% more in the livers of the stress groups than in those of the control groups(P<0.001),whereas the amount of Hg was adjusted to 13.49% and 13.93% in groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of EJFE respectively,as compared with stress groups(P<0.001).HPLC analysis of EJFE revealed that hesperetin and gallic acid are the major antioxidants in EJFE.Results demonstrate that flowers of the Eriobotrya japonica cause a significant protection against HgCl 2 induced hepatotoxicity in all diagnostic parameters by strengthening the antioxidant defense mechanisms and they may have a therapeutic function in free radical mediated diseases.     

黄酮对力竭运动大鼠心肌抗氧化与细胞凋亡的影响

以健康雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,通过建立灌胃罗汉果叶黄酮(FSGL)的干预力竭性运动大鼠,来探讨不同剂量FSGL对力竭运动大鼠心肌抗氧化酶系及心肌Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达的影响。结果表明:不同剂量组的大鼠力竭运动后心肌SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性与力竭运动对照组比较,均呈升高趋势,以中剂量组效果最显著;力竭运动组MDA与中剂量组比较有极显著性差异;与力竭运动组比较,各剂量组Bcl-2基因表达加强,且中剂量组显著高于力竭运动组和低剂量组。力竭运动组Bax基因表达极显著高于安静对照组和中剂量组(P<0.01),同时低剂量和高剂量组Bax的表达显著高于安静对照组(P<0.05)。FSGL各剂量组Bcl-2/Bax比值均升高,以中剂量和高剂量组最显著(P<0.01)。可见,FSGL能有效提高机体的抗氧化能力,明显地抑制因过度训练导致的心肌细胞凋亡程度。     

黑豆水提物抗氧化性能

对黑豆水提物抗氧化性能进行了研究。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸法、DPPH.法,以同浓度的维生素C作为阳性对照,测定了黑豆水提物对超氧阴离子、羟基自由基、DPPH.自由基的清除能力。结果表明：黑豆水提物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基、DPPH·自由基均具有一定的清除能力,其IC50值分别为121.6μg/mL,28.4μg/mL,32.8μg/mL,说明黑豆水提物可以作为天然的抗氧化剂应用于食品和化妆品行业。     

三种食物中乳酸菌的亲缘关系及抗氧化活性研究

从鲜牛奶、西红柿和酸菜3种不同来源中分离得到52株乳酸菌,通过进一步实验发现,32株菌具有抗氧化活性.其中乳酸菌的超氧自由基清除力为3.19％～25.24％,羟自由基清除范围为11.00％～83.58％,脂质过氧化物的抑制能力在0.39％～53.70％.利用随机扩增DNA多态性指纹技术对32株菌进行聚类分析,结果表明相同来源的乳酸菌其亲缘关系相近,相似系数在40％以上.本研究表明该3种食物可以提供较好的乳酸菌资源,并具有较好的抗氧化性,有望开发为天然抗氧化剂.