交叉平面电阻抗成像模型分析

该研究针对传统平面电极阵列电阻抗成像系统问题,构建了一个交叉平面电极阵列的电阻抗断层成像系统。此系统由65个电极组成4个水平和8个轴向相交叉的成像空间。仿真及水槽实验采用了Tikhonov正则化算法,重建结果与原物体的比较表明,该成像方式在空间中能够提供更高的分辨率和定位精度。此外,这种方法能有效地减少计算量,在临床检查和监护上显示出很大的应用前景。     

Preparation of Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and its application in pentachlorophenol photoelectrocatalytic degradation

Zn-doped titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes electrode was prepared on a titanium plate by direct anodic oxidation and immersing method in sequence. Field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） showed that the Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes were well aligned and organized into high density uniform arrays with diameter ranging from 50 to 90 nm. The length and the thickness were about 200 and 15 nm respectively. TiO2 anatase phase was identified by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy （XPS） indicated that Zn ions were mainly located on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes in form of ZnO clusters. Compared with TiO2 nanotubes electrode, about 20 nm red shift in the spectrum of UV-vis absorption was observed. The degradation of pentachlorophenol （PCP） in aqueous solution under the same condition （initial concentration of PCP： 20 mg/L; concentration of Na2SO4：0.01 mol/L and pH： 7.03） was carried out using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and TiO2 nanotubes electrode. The degradation rates of PCP using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were found to be twice and 5.8 times as high as that using TiO2 nanotubes electrode by UV radiation （400 μw/cm^2） and visible light radiation （4500 μw/cm^2）, respectively. 73.5% of PCP was removed using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 45.5% removed using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min under UV radiation. While under visible light radiation, the degradation efficiency of PCP was 18.4% using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 3.2% using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min. The optimum concentration of Zn doping was found to be 0.909%. The PCP degradation efficiencies of the 10 repeated experiments by Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were rather stable with the deviation within 3.0%.     

数字化ECT成像系统

基于电容敏感原理设计的数字化电容层析成像系统,利用有限元法,分析了阵列电极结构对敏感场分布的影响,通过优化设计和仿真试验,改善了敏感场分布的均匀性;构建了以DSP为核心、FPGA协同工作的12电极的数字化ECT系统,提出了由离线预迭代和在线一步成像所构成的新的图像重建算法——预迭代法,其成像速度及精度均明显提高．     

接地电阻测量回路中辅助电极位置的变化规律

针对测量接地电阻时通常采用的三电极法所存在的不足,提出增加辅助电流极的个数,用多电极法测量接地电阻.从三电极法出发,导出了四电极、五电极、六电极、八电极法及任意电极法测量接地电阻时电位过零点、误差补偿点的表达式,并通过计算得出了随着电流极数目的增加电位过零点和误差补偿点的位置的变化规律.以四电极、六电极法为例,用电解槽模拟试验证明了理论分析和计算的正确性.     

现场X－射线技术对碱性介质中银的电化学氧化／还原的研究

使用自制的电解池，在Ｘ－射式衍射位上现场研究了电沉积在铂电极上的银在ＫＯＨ介质中电化学氧化／还原时电极表面上结构、组成的变化，结果表明：所制作的电解池能在常规粉末衍射仪上使用，操作方便，对衍射仪部分不需作任何改动和光路词整，通用性强；根据ＣＶ研究所提供的信息，在峰电位处停留２０ｍｉｎ后，电极表面上结构、组成的变化可在Ｘ－射线衍射图上得到较直观的反映．因此，该技术可用于研究电极反应过程中固体表面的组成、结构变化，从而提供研究反应机理的直接信息．     

基于表面活性效应下微量镉的电化学测定

报道了在适量表面活性剂的存在下 ,钠型蒙脱石 (SWy - 2 )修饰碳糊电极高灵敏度测定环境体系中微量Cd2 + 的电化学方法 .该电极在HAc-NaAc (pH =5 .0 )溶液中 ,1.0× 10 -4mol/L的溴代十八烷基三甲基铵(STAB)存在下 ,用溶出伏安法测定Cd2 + ,在 - 0 .81V(vs ,SCE)处有灵敏的阳极溶出峰 ,且峰电流与Cd2 + 浓度在 2 .0× 10 -8～ 1.5× 10 -6mol/L的范围内 ,呈良好的线性关系 .该方法用于水样中镉的测定 ,检出限为 2 .0×10 -9mol/L .     

纳米金修饰硅纳米线电极阳极溶出法测定痕量铅、铜

以浸入沉积的方法在硅纳米线上修饰了金纳米颗粒,并通过电子扫描显微镜（SEM）和X射线荧光分析（XRF）对金纳米粒子修饰的硅纳米线电极表面形貌进行了表征.以修饰后的硅纳米线电极作为工作电极,采用阳极溶出法检测水中痕量铅和铜,考察pH值、富集电位和富集时间对溶出峰的影响,优化出最佳实验条件.在优化的实验条件下,铅Pb2＋和铜Cu2＋的灵敏度分别为0.649μA/（μg.L-1）和0.177μA/（μg.L-1）.检测极限达到0.26μg.L-1和0.67μg.L-1.峰电流与离子浓度在质量浓度25~200μg.L-1的范围内形成良好的线性关系.     

A study on nano-sized NiO electrodes doping with C and Co prepared by electrochemical deposition-sintering processes and their capacitance performance

In the present work, it was studied that nanoosized NiO electrodes doping with C and Co were prepared by electrochemical deposition in an ethanol solution containing nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate and sintering processes. The capacitance performance of such electrodes was also studied. The results reveal that samples obtained by electrochemical deposition first on a porous nickel cathode in an ethanol solution contain 0.5 mol/L nitrates, in which Ni(NO3)2 and Co(NO3)2 were mixed in a molar proportion of 8 : 2. After sintering at 300℃ for 2 h, they exhibited the best performance. XRD analysis illustrates that the essential phase of the product is NiO doping with certain content of C and Co. The particles of product imaged a spherical morphology with sizes of 20---30 nm in diameter, and with an average crystal size of 4--5 nm. The capacitance measurement of the simulating C/NiO capacitors indicates that a single electrode can reach as high as 410.0 F/g, and still maintain the value of 323 F/g after 30 recycles showed as a stabilized value with increasing recycles, when it was discharged at a current of 5 mA.     

快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响

通过XRD、TEM、DTA分析和电化学实验 ,研究了快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响。研究表明 ,成分均匀性改善和单胞体积减小是影响快淬贮氢合金电化学性能的主要因素 ,其中 ,前者使充放电循环稳定性提高 ,后者使放电容量降低。在本研究中 ,快淬速度为 10m/s时 ,合金成分的均匀性已较铸态有明显改善 ,更高的快淬速度并不能使成分的均匀性进一步大幅度提高 ,反而使单胞体积减小 ,因此 ,快淬速度为 10m/s时 ,快淬合金的综合电化学性能最佳。     

线切割机床工具电极的可靠性建模与评估

电火花线切割机床将金属丝作为切割工具,亦称工具电极,而断丝是线切割机床最频繁的故障模式.为提高加工过程的可靠性,进而提高生产效率,需要对工具进行可靠性建模与评估.将两次断丝故障之间的工作时长(即断丝间隔时间TBB,Time between Breakings)作为可靠性数据,并假设数据服从两参数Weibull分布;基于数据和最小二乘法,得到了Weibull分布参数估计值;进行假设检验.结果表明:两参数Weibull分布可用于工具电极的可靠性模型.结合实例,求出某电火花线切割机床的平均断丝间隔时间MTBB(Mean time between Breakings),并将其作为可靠性指标,基于该指标提出建议,以提高加工过程的可靠性.