热处理条件对IrO2-pH电极性能的影响

在700℃炉冷、870℃空冷和炉冷三种热处理条件下,制备了氧化铱pH微电极,并对比了微电极的线性范围及响应时间.结果表明:热处理条件对Ir氧化物膜的均匀性有很大影响,进而影响其开路电位的稳定性及响应速度.700℃炉冷和870℃空冷制得的电极氧化膜表面粗糙,孔隙率不均匀并伴随有裂纹;而870℃炉冷条件下制得的电极具有表面氧化膜均匀、响应时间短以及线性好等优点.铱氧化物的形成机理是Ir丝被空气中的O2氧化,而高温Li2CO3起到一种溶剂的作用.铱氧化物电极的H+响应是由于电极表面水合氧化铱与溶液中H+发生化学反应,反应为Ir4+与Ir3+之间的转变.     

智慧型教师 会学习的教师——教学活动的实践本质与教师智慧的意蕴

教师的教学过程在本质上是一种＂实践性＂的活动。作为一种实践,教学活动具有＂生成性＂、＂反思性＂和＂发展性＂的特点。因此,从本质上说来,＂智慧型＂的提法,不应当只是停留在对教师应当具备何种品质的终极评述之上,而应当描述的是教师在了解教学活动实践性特点的基础上,视自己的专业知识和专业技能处于不断地发展中,并试图不断地接受新知识,并付诸实践,再通过反思来改善自己教学实践。从这个意义来讲,智慧型的教师应当是指＂会学习的教师＂。＂会学习＂的提法既符合终身学习理念下的教师专业发展的思想,也符合新课程改革的基本理念。     

DC-AC型非接触电能传输系统变换器设计

提出了适用于DC-AC型非接触电能传输(CPT)系统的新型电路拓扑,并采用不对称DC-AC变换器实现了该新型拓扑。该拓扑简化了DC-AC型CPT系统的电路结构,简化了和系统的控制方式,减少了次级回路电能变换的损耗,提高了整体系统的效率和功率密度。介绍了采用该变换器的电路拓扑和控制策略,对采用该变换器后的CPT系统进行了建模,并在此基础上对系统进行仿真研究,给出了实验结果,对分析和仿真结果进行了验证。     

共归纳数据类型上的共递归操作及其计算定律

范畴论框架下的共归纳数据类型可以看成是某个共代数函子下的终结共代数中的载体,针对该特点,结合范畴论给出程序语言中共归纳数据类型的共代数描述,并根据终结共代数的终结性给出相应的共递归操作的定义及其共代数计算定律;同时,利用双函子及类型函子对参数化共归纳数据类型进行抽象描述,并结合自然转换给出类型函子上的单元和融合等计算定...     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenols in wastewater using deconvolution technology

Phenolic compounds exist widely in the influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and most are un-regulated. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed. Deconvolution technology was used to identify contaminants that are covered by co-extracted materials. A mass spectral library containing all 50 silylated phenolic compounds was first established and used for deconvolution. Twelve typical phenolic compounds were selected to optimize the sample preparation procedures. Solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge coupled with an HLB cartridge was used for pre-concentration and dichloromethane was used for elution. The solutes were derivatized and analyzed by GC-MS. The blank and matrix spike recoveries ranged from 57.46% to 136.4% and 47.87% to 114.8%, respectively. Method detection limits ranged from 3.64 to 97.64 ng L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of all the recovery experiments were lower than 13.6%. The instrument limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 87.7 pg. The method has been applied to analyze the influents and effluents of 5 Chinese STPs. Except for regulated phenolic compounds (phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), three un-regulated phenolic compounds, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol were identified in the effluent wastewater. The detected concentrations of un-regulated phenolic compounds could possibly cause environmental effects, indicating that immediate attention is required to prevent complications.     

锥度量空间中两对非相容映象的一个新的公共不动点定理

 自锥度量空间的概念被提出以来,已经有数位学者对其结构和性质进行了探讨.研究了锥度量空间中非相容映象对,并利用非相容映象对的性质和压缩条件得到一类映象的公共不动点定理,其结果推广了相关文献的结果.     

均匀沉淀（尿素水解）法合成CO32-型MgAl-LDH

采用均匀沉淀法(尿素水解法)合成了高结晶度的CO32-型MgAl-LDH,探索了温度和时间对产物的影响.研究发现,n(Mg)/n(Al)进料比为2时,较低反应温度(如100℃)下很难得到n(Mg)/n(Al)=2的LDH.这可能与Mg(OH)2溶解度较高,Mg2+难以与Al3+一同沉淀有关.为提高产物n(Mg)/n(Al),我们采用提高n(Mg)/n(Al)投料比(如3∶1,4∶1,5∶1)的方法.研究发现,反应时间较短时,可得较纯的LDH相,但产物的n(Mg)/n(Al)远低于进料比;若反应时间延长,会出现水菱镁矿(hydromagnesite)和菱镁矿(magnesite,MgCO3)的杂相.由此推断,为得到高n(Mg)/n(Al)的LDH,不能单纯增加n(Mg)/n(Al)进料比,其他条件如尿素浓度,尤其是反应温度等也需改变.     

（F,F）-数据离散矩形区域在数据辨识中的应用

应用新数学模型P-集合,提出数据传输中三种异常数据的概念：F-异常数据、F-异常数据与（F,F）-异常数据;提出（F,F）-数据离散矩形区域概念;给出丢失-侵入数据发现定理、系统输出数据分离定理、系统输出数据类型辨识定理、（F,F）-异常数据在（F,F）-数据离散矩形区域的定位定理;给出（F,F）-数据离散矩形区域在系统输出数据类型辨识中的应用。丢失-侵入数据发现定理与系统输出数据分离定理是系统输出数据类型辨识的基础,（F,F）-数据离散矩形区域的提出,为系统数据的几何辨识和系统出现异常数据的预警提供了一种新的理论与方法。     

W-空间上的广义收缩型映射族的唯一公共不动点

介绍了比度量空间和对称空间更弱的W-空间的概念,并在W-空间上引进了若干个具有广义收缩型条件的映射族,得到了三个具有反交换性的广义收缩型映射族的唯一公共不动点的存在性定理.