新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂及其抑菌性能

天然食品防腐剂按其来源不同可分为植物源天然防腐剂、动物源天然防腐剂以及微生物源天然防腐剂等类型。天然微生物源食品防腐剂由于其本身的优越性,越来越受到人们的青睐。主要对5种新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂(即乳球菌肽、溶菌酶、聚赖氨酸、苯乳酸及曲酸)的理化特性、抑菌机制和抑菌特性等进行了概括和论述,旨在为我国新型、安全、高效微生物源天然食品防腐剂的研究和开发提供参考。     

含纳米银的抗菌水凝胶研究

 为赋予水凝胶的抗菌性能,该文对含有纳米银的水凝胶进行了研究。首先在硝酸银溶液加入硼氢化钠还原剂和聚乙烯砒咯烷酮分散剂,合成纳米银;然后将不同体积的纳米银分散液加入到卡波姆溶液中,搅拌下滴加氢氧化钠溶液,制备含纳米银的水凝胶。紫外-可见光谱法的结果表明硝酸银被还原成纳米银,X-射线粉末衍射法证实纳米银被分散在水凝胶中,并通过Scherrer公式计算出纳米银的尺寸约为5 nm。溶胀性能测试结果表明水凝胶的溶胀率约为900%。抑菌性能测试结果显示,当水凝胶中纳米银浓度为10 μg/mL（低于纳米银的安全浓度25 μg/mL）,水凝胶能有效抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。所制备的抗菌水凝胶可望应用于创伤皮肤和皮肤疾病的外用治疗。     

使用伪氨基酸组成和BP神经网络预测类弹性蛋白多肽的相变温度

根据获得的16条ELP序列及相变温度的数据,利用伪氨基酸组成方法提取其序列特征值.将伪氨基酸组成中的相关系数部分作为类弹性蛋白的特征向量,从类弹性蛋白序列出发,利用最小中位方差回归,找出与其序列相关系数的最佳阶数.运用均匀设计法,分别对支持向量机与BP神经网络参数进行优化.结果表明:BP神经网络获得的预测模型最佳,相变...     

丁香属植物的化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展

从丁香属植物的化学成分及其药理作用2个方面,综述了近年来对丁香化学成分和其药理作用的研究成果.     

L-精氨酸基姜黄素衍生物的合成及抑菌性评价

以4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)为脱水剂,琥珀酸(Sa)为连接臂,通过酯化和酰胺化反应将姜黄素接枝到L-精氨酸分子上,获得新型L-精氨酸基姜黄素(Cur-Sa-Arg)衍生物,产物经UV-Vis、FT-IR、1 H NMR和DSC表征,证明已成功合成.与姜黄素...     

鳞翅目昆虫细胞抗菌肽的诱导、筛选及抗菌活性的研究

选取3种离体培养的鳞翅目昆虫细胞系,采用热灭活的大肠杆菌诱导的方法,诱导其产生抗菌肽,并进行抗菌活性检测、诱导动力学研究及Tricine SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测分析．结果筛选到1株诱导抗菌活性较高的昆虫细胞系——粉纹夜蛾BTI-Tn-5B1细胞系,并发现该粉纹夜蛾5B1细胞在诱导后16h产生了1个分子量大约为8000的抗菌肽,抗菌活性检测表明其对金黄色葡萄球菌（Sta phylococcus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli K12D31）、德氏卑沙门氏菌（Salmonella derby）均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中特别是对革兰氏阴性菌——大肠杆菌K12D31和德氏卑沙门氏菌有较强的抑菌活性．     

灯心草抗菌活性成分的研究

以薄层色谱自显影生物技术指导分离,研究灯心草的抗菌活性成分．采用正相和反相硅胶柱色谱法和重结晶技术,从该植物的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离到两个化合物．化合物经^1HNMR,^13C NMR,ESIMS分别鉴定为2,7-二羟基-1,6-二甲基-芘（Ⅰ）和dehydroeffusol（Ⅱ）．用滤纸扩散法测定dehydroeffusol的抗菌活性,结果显示：dehydroeffusol对所测试的4种革兰氏阳性菌和白色念珠菌显示一定的抗菌活性,对所测试的4种革兰氏阴性菌无明显抑制作用．     

铋基纳米材料在肿瘤诊治和抗菌中的应用进展

随着纳米技术的快速发展,纳米材料作为新型生物材料在生物医学领域表现出独特的优势,受到研究人员的广泛关注。铋基纳米材料因其良好的生物相容性和优异的光学等物理化学特性,在肿瘤诊治和抗菌等生物医学领域的应用已被广泛研究和报道,并展现出广阔的应用前景。简要综述了生物医用铋基纳米材料在计算机断层扫描成像、光声成像等生物成像和光动力治疗、放射治疗、光热治疗等肿瘤治疗以及抗菌中的研究进展,希望为铋基纳米材料在生物医学领域中的应用提供帮助。     

Biosynthesis, immunity, regulation, mode of action and engineering of the model lantibiotic nisin

This review discusses the state-of-the-art in molecular research on the most prominent and widely applied lantibiotic, i.e., nisin. The developments in understanding its complex biosynthesis and mode of action are highlighted. Moreover, novel applications arising from engineering either nisin itself, or from the construction of totally novel dehydrated and/or lanthionine-containing peptides with desired bioactivities are described. Several challenges still exist in understanding the immunity system and the unique multiple reactions occurring on a single substrate molecule, carried out by the dehydratase NisB and the cyclization enzyme NisC. The recent elucidation of the 3-D structure of NisC forms the exciting beginning of further 3-D-structure determinations of the other biosynthetic enzymes, transporters and immunity proteins. Advances in achieving in vitro activities of lanthionine-forming enzymes will greatly enhance our understanding of the molecular characteristics of the biosynthesis process, opening up new avenues for developing unique and novel biocatalytic processes. Received 9 April 2007; received after revision 31 August 2007; accepted 28 September 2007     

Zinc binding to peptide analogs of the structural zinc site in alcohol dehydrogenase: Implications for an entatic state

Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93–115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. In the peptide replica, zinc is bound to three Cys and one His residue. A four-Cys zinc coordination is observed only when His is removed, leading to increased zinc stability. ADH crystal structures reveal that the ε-amino group of the conserved residue Lys323 is within H-bond distance of the backbone amide oxygens of residues 103, 105 and 108, likely stabilizing the zinc coordination in the enzyme. The peptide data thus indicate structural strain and increased energy in the zinc-binding site in the protein, characteristic of an entatic state, implying a functional nature for this zinc site. Received 3 July 2008; received after revision 11 August 2008; accepted 1 September 2008