A synopsis of present knowledge of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands,including keys to the larval and pupal stages

As human demands for water have become more intense in modern times, the Canary Islands have become a difficult environment for all the macroinvertebrate fauna dependent upon running water for their survival; few permanent streams remain. Investigations on the simuliid (blackfly) fauna have shown, however, that at least six species exist in the archipelago, but that one, the endemic Simulium paraloutetense, known only from one site now destroyed, is possibly extinct. The paper presents cumulated data on distribution and material obtained over the past 33 years (since aquatic-stage specimens from breeding sites were first collected) with the aim of providing a baseline against which future studies of the Canarian simuliid fauna can be assessed. Revised identification keys for larvae and pupae are given to aid such monitoring. Remarks concerning each species include notes on chromosomal data when these are available. Comments are included on some aspects of the lotic habitats and island colonization.     

二次正交旋转组合设计在家蝇幼虫人工养殖上的应用研究

采用混料比率的二次正交旋转组合设计寻找家蝇幼虫剩余饲料的利用途径，得出了影响家蝇幼虫生物量、百头重、存活率的二次回归模型及影响因子，根据回归模型，进行了主效应分析，通过优化分析，初步筛选出了剩余饲料的合理利用途径。     

球形芽孢杆菌BS—1012产毒部位的研究

本文对球形芽孢杆菌 Bacillus Sphaericus BS—1012菌株的产毒部位进行了研究。结果表明:BS—1012菌株的伴孢晶体和芽孢对蚊幼虫具较高的毒力。营养体对蚊幼虫也有毒力,毒力强度低于芽孢和伴孢晶体。本文发现营养体在裂殖生长过程中能够产生并分泌到胞外的外毒素,这对于大规模生产时选用合适的剂型具有理论指导意义。     

Oenocyte and prothoracic gland activity inManduca sexta under varying photoperiod and light conditions

Summary Manduca sexta larvae were subjected to diapause-inducing and diapause-preventing photoperiods, using two types of fluorescents (Indorsun and Blacklight-blue). The oenocytes, prothoracic glands (PTG) and ecdysone levels were examined in 3-day-old 5th instar larvae, 2-day-old and 10-day-old pupae. Our results indicate that oenocytes and PTG cells tend to be more active under long photoperiods while oenocytes only are active under short photoperiods in pupae in diapause. UV light has a definite effect on oenocytes while PTG cells seem to be unaffected. Ecdysone and ecdysterone levels vary with PTG and oenocyte activity at the pupal stage. The significance of these findings is discussed.This work was supported by a research associateship to L.M. by the People's Republic of China and a grant from NSERC to B.J.R.P.     

Effects of water acidification on the distribution pattern and the reproductive success of amphibians

Summary Nine amphibian species were encountered in poorly buffered waters of The Netherlands (alkalinity 1 meq·l^–1). These soft water systems are highly sensitive to acidifying precipitation. The number of species as well as the percentage of waters which harbour amphibian populations are strongly reduced in the extremely acid pH-class . The reproductive success of amphibians is negatively affected by low pH. The eggs become heavily infested with fungi (Saprolegniaceae). In acidifying systems many physico-chemical parameters are significantly correlated with the pH of the water. Strongly acidified waters are characterized by low alkalinity, conductivity and ionic content but high acidity and high concentrations of (heavy) metals and ammonium and a high relative sulphate concentration. Culture experiments with eggs and larvae ofRana arvalis. Rana esculenta, Rana temporaria andBufo bufo show that apart from the pH, elevated aluminium, cadmium and ammonium contents may also affect the reproductive success of amphibians.     

摇蚊幼虫生物扰动对富营养化湖泊内源磷释放的影响

利用高分辨率的薄膜扩散梯度技术(Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films,DGT)和微电极技术,从微界面的角度研究了摇蚊扰动对沉积物中溶解氧(DO)、活性磷(Labile P)、活性铁(Labile Fe)及Labile P扩散通量的影响。研究发现摇蚊幼虫扰动增加了沉积物中溶解氧的渗透深度,降低了Labile P和Labile Fe的浓度,同时抑制了Labile P向上覆水中的释放。由于Labile P与Labile Fe显著相关(对照组R=0.672,P0.001;摇蚊组R=0.810,P0.001),可知Labile P的变化受DO和Labile Fe控制,即Labile Fe被氧化生成三价Fe(OOH),同时吸附Labile P,使得Labile P和Labile Fe同时降低。     

温州海区长蛇鲻寄生线虫幼虫的分布模式

作者对温州海区常见30多种经济鱼类作为中间宿主感染寄生虫的情况进行了调查,结果表明15．2％的被检鱼类寄生单殖吸虫,而63．6％的被检鱼类有线虫寄生,文中着重对不同体长组长蛇鲻体内寄生线虫的状况进行研究,随着宿主体长的增长,其感染强度和平均密度有逐渐增加的趋势,宿主体内寄生率及密度占绝对优势的Anisakis simplex幼虫和Contracaecumsp,幼虫在宿主体内的频率分布,表明多数宿主不感染或只感染少量的线虫幼虫,少数宿主感染线虫幼虫数量较大,线虫幼虫在宿主种群的分布格局类型均为聚集分布。     

II.—Bermudian species of Donatia (Tethya)

Summary

Acanthochondrites inflatus (Bainbridge, 1909), parasitic on the branchial cavity wall of Raja radiata is redescribed and a comparison of its morphological features is made with the only other species of the genus, A. annulatus (Olsson, 1869.)     

Integrative taxonomic analysis reveals a new species of Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Species boundaries within the red-eyed Leptobrachium of southern Indochina have been uncertain. Leptobrachium pullum and L. mouhoti from upper and lower elevations, respectively, of the Langbian Plateau of southern Vietnam and eastern Cambodia differ in body size but have relatively low interspecific mitochondrial DNA divergence, leading to speculation that these might represent a single species with an elevational cline in body size. The recent discovery of an allopatric high-elevation population of red-eyed Leptobrachium on the Kon Tum Plateau (= Central Highlands) of north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam has been referred to both species, and to a putatively undescribed species. We examine variation in morphology of adults and tadpoles, mitochondrial DNA, 11 nuclear genes and advertisement calls, and show corroborating lines of evidence for the existence of three species of red-eyed Leptobrachium in southern Indochina. Although the three species are reciprocally monophyletic in mitochondrial DNA, their shallow mitochondrial DNA divergences are not mirrored by morphology, advertisement calls, or – in part – nuclear DNA, and probably reflect past mitochondrial introgression rather than recent speciation. The Central Highlands taxon is described herein as a new species.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CE6650AF-D9FB-40F4-8A2E-9B4E23AAC205