云南大理不同来源旋毛虫肌肉幼虫形态学分析

目的 :对大理不同来源的旋毛虫肌肉幼虫形态进行初步研究。方法 :镜下观察旋毛虫幼虫卷曲状态 ,用测微尺随机测量囊包长、宽。结果 :五株不同来源的旋毛虫幼虫多为圆盘状卷曲 ,C1株、C2株和L株旋毛虫幼虫囊包指数不同于S株和A株 ;前者囊包长梭形 ,后者则近似椭圆形。结论 :大理不同来源的旋毛虫幼虫囊包形态存在一定差别 ,但不是旋毛虫种株鉴定的依据。     

黄粉幼虫防卫机制的研究

对黄粉（Ｔｅｎｅｂｒｉｏｍｏｌｉｔｅｒ）末龄幼虫血淋巴的防卫机制做了报道，结果表明：（１）对末龄幼虫分别进行针刺体壁、注射大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）、苏云金杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ）及无菌生理盐水，结果均能引起血细胞总数（ＴＨＣ）规律性的变动，其变动曲线是一致的，即处理后１５ｍｉｎＴＨＣ急剧下降，在随后的１０ｈ内ＴＨＣ出现３个高峰期，但不同的处理ＴＨＣ的变动幅度不同；（２）对幼虫分别注射大肠杆菌及苏云金杆菌后，虫体内细菌的残留量逐渐减少，ＴＨＣ高峰期出现之后，伴随一个杀菌的高峰期，其相对杀死率的高峰期出现在注射后的１～２及４～６ｈ；（３）测定了黄粉幼虫体液防卫的诱导期是在处理后的６～８ｈ，所以黄粉幼虫早期的防卫作用是由血细胞进行，６～８ｈ之后，体液的防卫作用开始参与。     

盐度对岐脊加夫蛤幼虫与稚贝的影响

叙述盐度对岐脊加夫蛤Ｇａｆｒａｉｕｍｄｉｖａｒｉｃａｔｕｍ（Ｇｍｅｌｉｎ）幼虫及不同大小稚贝（壳长０．８～１．４ｍｍ）生长和存活的影响．水温３０±１℃时，加夫蛤幼虫阶段的适盐范围为１９．９３‰～３３．２２‰，最适盐度为２２．５９‰．其下限和上限分别为１５．９５‰和３８．５３‰，其存活率低于３０％．水温２５±１℃时，稚贝Ⅰ（壳长０．８～１ｍｍ）适盐度范围为１９．９３‰～３３．２２‰，最适盐度为２２．５９‰；较大稚贝Ⅱ（壳长１．３～１．４ｍｍ）适盐范围为１５．９５‰～３８．５３‰，最适盐度为２５．２４‰，其下限和上限分别为９．３０‰和４５．１７‰．     

温度,盐度对青虾幼体生长发育的影响

青虾幼体的生长发育与温度的关系极为密切，在适温范围内，幼体变态发育所需的时间和期时随温度升高而缩短，低温培养的个体普遍大于高温培养的个体，２８±０．５℃时成活率最高，７种不同盐度对青虾幼体发育的实验表明：盐度以６‰最佳，其次是４‰和１０‰，１４‰以上幼体不能完成发育变态，在相同的温，盐度条件下，幼体发育早的体质较好。     

二次正交旋转组合设计在家蝇幼虫人工养殖上的应用研究

采用混料比率的二次正交旋转组合设计寻找家蝇幼虫剩余饲料的利用途径，得出了影响家蝇幼虫生物量、百头重、存活率的二次回归模型及影响因子，根据回归模型，进行了主效应分析，通过优化分析，初步筛选出了剩余饲料的合理利用途径。     

4种植物源杀虫剂对亚洲型舞毒蛾幼虫的毒性与拒食作用

为筛选出有效防治亚洲型舞毒蛾的最佳植物源杀虫剂,采用5％鱼藤酮、1％虫菊·苦参碱、5％桉油精、0.6％氧苦·内酯4种植物源杀虫剂,比较它们对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫胃毒和触杀处理后的毒性与拒食作用.结果表明:这4种植物源杀虫剂对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫均具有胃毒和触杀两种作用,其急性毒性总体表现为触杀处理大于胃毒处理,而在各自相对最高的浓度条件下,以0.6％氧苦·内酯的胃毒急性毒性为最大、5％桉油精次之；由于胃毒组的LC50均小于触杀组,因而胃毒处理的毒力更高；此外,0.6％氧苦·内酯和5％桉油精的胃毒和触杀毒力均远远高于其他两种药剂,并以前者为最高.对测定前后的饲料量进行比较后发现,4种药剂对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫均具有很好的拒食作用,尤其以5％桉油精5 000倍液处理的拒食率高达99.31％.因此,0.6％氧苦·内酯和5％桉油精可作为防治亚洲型舞毒蛾的首选植物源杀虫剂推广应用.     

Immature stages of the apterous fly Badisis ambulans McAlpine (Diptera: Micropezidae)

Morphology of the mature larvae and pupae of the apterous fly, Badisis ambulans McAlpine (Diptera: Micropezidae) are described and illustrated. In addition, the curious commensal habits of the larvae are described. Each spiracular plate of the mature larva is situated at the base of a small horn; similar horns have been described in other micropezid larvae. The posterior spiracles appear to be non-functional with depressions forming the vestiges of the spiracular openings. The larvae were found inside pitchers of the Albany pitcher plant, Cephalotus follicularis (Cephalotaceae) and have a commensal relationship with the plant. They feed on the decaying pitcher plant prey and leave the pitcher to pupate. It is likely that the larva obtains oxygen from the pitcher fluid. This is the first immature micropezid described from Australia.     

Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera

The embryonic development of the parthenogenetic eggs of Leptodora kindtii has been investigated by observing living embryos removed from the female brood pouch. The sequence of morphological changes was analysed, as was the time at which the activity of certain organs began. The timing of these events at 20–22°C is documented. These data were compared with similar information obtained for some representatives of Ctenopoda and Anomopoda. The sequence of appearance of rudiments of organs on the ventral side of the embryos is similar in all these groups but the timing of shedding of the embryonic membranes differs. Hatching from the inner egg membranes takes place at the late metanauplius stage in Leptodora as in Ctenopoda and Cyclestherida, while in Anomopoda this stage is embryonized. The development of Leptodora is more like that of Ctenopoda than of Anomopoda. The embryos of all the above‐mentioned groups begin to grow at approximately the same morphological stage. A new scheme for the periodization of the embryogenesis of L. kindtii is proposed, which includes four well‐separated stages. Previously, the same number of developmental stages has been reported for Ctenopoda and Anomopoda. In Leptodora, as well as in Ctenopoda, the first two of these occur within the egg membranes. Cyclestheria has at least one embryonic moult and one embryonic stage more than Leptodora and other cladocerans. Embryonic stages 3 and 4 of the parthenogenetic eggs of L. kindtii represent a peculiar type of secondary larvae developing inside the female's brood pouch. The appearance of a free‐living nauplius in L. kindtii arises from its mode of hatching from the gamogenetic egg.