基于蚁群算法的细胞自动机优化及其在电路测试中的应用

细胞自动机在电路设计、计算机安全等领域有广泛的应用.首先通过使用蚁群算法实现对细胞自动机结构的优化配置,从而产生具有较强随机性的伪随机数序列;其次,把细胞自动机应用于数字电路的测试,利用经优化后的二维细胞自动机来生成测试矢量.实验结果表明,经过蚁群算法优化之后得到的细胞自动机能够产生随机性较强的伪随机数序列,在数字电路测试的应用中能够提高故障覆盖率.     

Nest architecture in polydomous grass-cutting ants (Acromyrmex balzani)

Acromyrmex balzani is a grass-cutting ant species frequently found in Cerrado areas. However, little is known about the architecture of the polydomous nests of this ant. Fifteen A. balzani nests located in a cerrado region in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. The polydomous nests were studied in three ways. First, we investigated the architecture in nests moulded with cement and without moulding. Second, we performed an aggressiveness test among workers in different subnests and nests. Third, we excavated the nest and collected the colony to measure the population, verifying the existence or not of a queen in all nests. A cement mould was made of seven nests to permit better visualization of internal structures such as chambers and tunnels. Eight nests were excavated without moulding and white neutral talc was used to highlight the parts of the nests. After excavation, the depth and dimensions (length, width and height) of the chambers were measured. The results showed that the nests had a single entrance hole whose structure consisted of straw and other plant residues in winter. Mounds of loose soil, if present, were found 6–48 cm from the hole. The number of chambers containing fungus ranged from one to five, with the first being found a few centimetres beneath the ground surface (4 cm) and the last up to a maximum depth of 160 cm. The length of the tunnels ranged from 12 to 28 cm. These tunnels were built in a vertical or inclined position, leading to the chambers. No waste chambers were found, with the waste being deposited externally. Additionally, the polydomous nests contained one to eight subnests. In the aggressiveness test, when concolonial workers were confronted, no aggressiveness was observed. In contrast, when allocolonial workers were confronted, there was a high incidence of aggression among them. Excavation of polydomous nests showed only one queen for each polydomous nest, i.e. subnests with a single queen. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the so far unknown nest architecture of the polydomous grass-cutting ant A. balzani.     

改进型蚁群算法在Job Shop问题中的应用

应用改进型蚁群算法解决车间作业调度问题。在原有标准蚁群算法的基础上采用了新的状态转移规则,讨论了各种不同的轨迹更新规则对仿真结果的影响,并通过统计数据验证了改进型蚁群算法优于标准的蚁群优化算法。由于算法中的参数对算法的求解效率和求解结果都有一定的影响,所以对此也进行了初步的研究,得到了运行较好的参数取值范围。     

蚁群优化算法的原理及其应用

蚁群优化算法是近年来出现的一种新的启发式搜索算法,首先介绍了蚁群算法的基本原理,然后着重讨论了如何将其用于求解旅行商问题(TSP),最后分析了蚁群算法的一些基本特征.     

基于蚁群算法的FMS工艺路线的优化配置

柔性制造系统在工业发展中的作用越来越大,而如何使柔性制造系统发挥最大的功效则是现阶段面临的一个主要问题。文章基于蚁群思想,提出了一种融合网格法的蚁群算法来求解柔性制造系统工艺路线优化配置的方法。算例结果证明,该算法能使系统设备工作负荷达到均衡,从而提高系统工作效率。     

基于改进蚁群算法和共用航段的搜索救援通道规划

针对战斗搜救任务场景中,空中搜索救援等待区至跳伞区之间的往返路径规划问题,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法和共用航段的搜索救援通道规划方法。首先,针对基本蚁群算法易出现局部极值及收敛速度慢等缺点,对启发函数、状态转移策略、信息素更新策略进行了改进。然后,针对单起点多目标点的路径规划问题,提出了设置分航点以生成共用航段的搜索救援通道规划方法,并以总路径长度表征任务准备负荷量与分别规划航路进行对比。实验结果表明,在本文测试环境下,改进蚁群算法规划的路径长度分别缩减15.4%和14.2%,搜索救援通道的任务准备负荷量减少25.4%。所提出的搜索救援通道规划方法有一定的理论和应用价值。     

基于蚁群算法求解混流装配线传送带中断问题

将可扩展工作域概念引入混流装配线中的传送带中断问题,研究了该问题的相关性质：装配线中断发生的充分必要条件,目标函数的边界等．在此基础上,设计了约束集-蚁群算法求解环型油漆车身缓冲区约束下,以传送带中断时间最短为目标的汽车制造排程问题、算例验证了文中解决策略的优越性,同时显示了物料流平准化对传送带中断的影响．     

应急设计框架:卫星总体方案设计

以卫星有效载荷总体方案变型设计为背景,探讨在人为或自然灾害的非正常情况下的应急设计方法．首先给出应急设计系统定义,然后给出实现应急设计基本依据：一是基于演化算法、Agent、人机结合和协同设计理论;二是仿蚁群社会应急行为．本系统的关键是,构造基干人与演化算法相结合的Agent（human—computer cooperation Agent,HC—Agent）,进而基于混合P2P网络模型构成多HC—Agent的协同设计系统,以使该应急设计系统具有抗干扰、自适应、快速响应的设计能力．     

Carton nest building and trophobiont manipulation in the south-east Asian ant Dolichoderus sulcaticeps (Mayr 1870) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Dolichoderus sulcaticeps, a rare canopy living dolichoderine ant, was studied in the rainforest of Malaysia. It forms large polycalyc colonies comprising partial nests on trees and climbers. The three dimensional multichambered partial nests are situated on the leaf underside. Fibrous nest material is gathered from the surface of the nesting plants and soaked with water from the plant surface. Building activity, therefore, is strictly dependent on the presence of rainfall or dew. Within the cell with plant leaf surface contact, as well as on free feeding sites, non specific coccid and membracid throphobionts, are tended. Free feeding sites are permanently protected. Mealybugs are transported between existing and new free feeding sites, as well as to and from nest pavilions, especially during their construction or destruction. Prey hunting has not been observed in D. sulcaticeps. The workers, however, recruit to offered dead prey, and scavenged. During the day they were permanently on the surface of plants around their nests and feeding sites.     

Patterns of artificial avian nest predation by introduced rats in a fragmented laurel forest (Tenerife,Canary Islands)

The importance of introduced rats as damaging factors on island biotas is globally recognized. The predation of artificial avian nests by Ship rats (Rattus rattus) in fragmented laurel forests in Tenerife (Canary Islands) was explored. The influence of road edge, patch type, and position (ground versus tree) on nest survival in two forest remnants differing in conservation degree, were assessed using failure‐time analysis. Overall, nest predation was greater in the preserved than in the disturbed remnant. Nest predation also differed among and within patches, variation being greater within the disturbed remnant. The probability of nest failure was higher at the interior than along the road edge in both remnants, but the road edge effect on nest predation was more intense in the disturbed remnant. Predation pressure was higher in patches of mature, closed canopy or dense understorey with stump sprouting. Ground nests were predated at higher rates than tree nests at any location. These results contrast with other nest predation studies in fragmented landscapes where forest edges rather than the interior are more frequently used by predators. Predatory activity by rats seems negatively affected by forest disturbance and road edge effect. Overall, artificial nest predation patterns by rats confirm a potential predation risk for the avifauna of the Canarian laurel forest. This should be considered in implementing conservation management programmes.