考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度问题

考虑送箱集卡多码头调度的低碳、高效化要求,及为解决集卡不规律到达导致码头拥挤问题而提出的集卡预约集港机制,以单一外堆场调用送箱集卡数量最小及多集装箱码头调度方案碳排放总量最小为目标,构建了单堆场多码头送箱集卡调度模型.设计了改进的蚁群算法对该模型进行求解,得到按时间段划分的港外堆场多码头集卡低碳送箱方案,通过算例验证了所构建模型和算法的有效性.结果表明,考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度方案所需集卡数量少,工作时间短,兼顾了集装箱码头集卡送箱作业低碳和高效的要求.     

Cichlid familial intrarelationships and the placement of the neotropical genus Cichla (Perciformes,Labroidei)

The current status of our understanding of cichlid intrafamilial relationships is investigated and novel data are presented resolving a basal trichotomy of the African and Neotropical radiations (Oliver, 1985). The claim that the African Cichlidae is non-monophyletic is supported and the little known Zairean genus Heterochromis is identified as the sistergroup of all other African and Neotropical Cichlidae combined. Throughout the study emphasis has been placed upon the resolution of the precise phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Neotropical genus, Cichla; a taxon whose placement has been thought critical for successful intra-familial analyses. Analysis of the evidence currently available argues strongly in favour of a close phylogenetic relationship between Cichla and the sisterpair, Crenicichla and Teleocichla. Given this phylogenetic scheme one of the most interesting aspects to arise is the striking morphological parallels between Cichla and many of its distantly related percoid relatives.     

Spawning behaviour of Engystomops pustulatus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Foam nests have evolved independently in several amphibian groups as an adaptive response to prevent predation and desiccation in dry environments. Nests are normally laid on ponds, or in underground galleries, humid forest leaf litter or terrestrial bromeliads. They are built when males or females beat a foam precursor associated with the egg masses extruded by the female. The spawning process requires the synchronic actions of the mating pair to obtain a hemispheric nest that protects the offspring. Herein, we describe the spawning behaviour of Engystomops pustulatus based on videos from 13 nesting couples from the lowlands of western Ecuador. Three variables were measured as indicators of male effort: duration of mixing events, duration of resting periods, and number of kicks per mixing event. We consider that not only male physical effort but also female behaviour influences nest structure. We suggest that nest building requires prolonged and intense physical activity by the male as well as the female’s steady position during spawning and female’s oviposition site selection. Nest building has two phases. In the first phase, the duration of resting periods, the duration of mixing events, and the number of kicks increase and are highly variable. During the second phase the three variables stabilise until the end. The volume of the nest increased mainly during the second phase. In four nesting events we observed kicking movements by the female. To our knowledge, this is the first time that female kicking has been observed in leptodactylid frogs. The function of this behaviour is unknown but our observations suggest that it may be triggered by insufficient male effort. Traditionally, female mate choice in Engystomops has been explained under models of indirect benefits exclusively. We argue that the prolonged male activity during nesting could influence female fitness directly. This will allow the operation of sexual selection via direct benefits.     

关爱“空巢老人”——社区图书馆亟待关注的社会课题

随着社会的发展,我国的老龄化问题越来越严重,尤其是＂空巢＂老人的问题更是值得人们关注。针对＂空巢＂老人的问题,分析了社区图书馆为空巢老人服务的必要性,提出了社区图书馆开展人性化服务的对策措施。     

A Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling Method Based on Ant Colony Coordination System

Due to the stubborn nature of dynamic job shop scheduling problem, a novel ant colony coordination mechanism is proposed in this paper to search for an optimal schedule in dynamic environment. In ant colony coordination mechanism, the dynamic .job shop is composed of several autonomous ants. These ants coordinate with each other by simulating the ant foraging behavior of spreading pheromone on the trails, by which they can make information available globally, and further more guide ants make optimal decisions. The proposed mechanism is tested by several instances and the results confirm the validity of it.     

针对立管重入井过程中等路径段加速度的改进型蚁群优化算法

在自由悬垂立管动力学分析的基础上，提出了一种针对等路径段内的加速度进行优化的改进型蚁群算法.通过该算法得出的立管顶端的优化运动策略，可以有效地减小立管底端在平移结束时同海底井口的距离，同时缩短重入井作业需要的时间，使得钻井立管重入井作业更加便捷.通过对比在优化后的运动策略下和在普通的运动策略下自由悬垂立管的不同动力学响应和型态变化，说明针对等路径段加速度进行优化的蚁群优化算法可以有效地优化立管重入井过程中的立管型态和运动，使重入井作业更加便捷.
     

污水处理厂出水维甲酸X受体干扰效应研究

应用重组维甲酸X受体(RXR)基因酵母筛选南方某污水处理厂进水、不同工艺出水的维甲酸干扰活性;结合大鼠肝均浆(S9)体外代谢方法,检测样品间接维甲酸干扰活性.结果表明:进水、出水样品均不能诱导RXR介导酶活性,但在高富集倍数下,样品与空白对照相比显著抑制9-顺维甲酸诱导酶活性,表现出维甲酸拮抗效应;在添加S9体外代谢活化后,所有样品均检出类维甲酸干扰活性,部分样品还检测出抗维甲酸活性,表明城市污水样品中存在大量具有类/抗维甲酸干扰活性的化合物.研究结果证实,现行处理工艺对类/抗维甲酸干扰物有一定的去除效果;重组基因酵母结合S9体外代谢活化体系可用于水环境样品类/抗维甲酸干扰效应的快速筛选.     

采用约束蚁群优化的贝叶斯网结构学习算法

针对贝叶斯网络结构学习问题,提出了一种约束蚁群优化算法.该算法根据贝叶斯得分的局部一致性原理设计了一种增边规则,并且将此规则引入蚁群算法的框架中,从而实现了在搜索过程中利用启发式信息动态缩减搜索空间、同时减少运行时间的目的.此外,还从理论上证明了增边规则的正确性,而且从实验角度讨论了约束蚁群优化算法的参数敏感性.实验结果表明,在解决较大规模的贝叶斯网络结构学习问题时,约束蚁群优化算法在保证求解精度的条件下比蚁群优化算法的运行时间减少40%以上.     

基于蚂蚁算法的中国邮路问题

针对中国邮路问题中先寻找奇数度结点,再进行奇数度结点之间路线添加的问题,引入了蚂蚁算法,通过其随机概率选择和最短路线激励策略,有效地解决了结点之间的最短路线的问题,避免了常规方法中必须先进行奇数度结点匹配的问题.算法易于实现,实验仿真表明算法耗时短、效率高.     

基于遗传和蚁群算法融合的聚类新方法

遗传算法具有快速良好的全局搜索能力,而蚁群聚类算法具有良好的分布式并行性和正反馈能力。将两种算法进行融合,充分利用算法各自的优势和特点,能更有效地进行聚类分析。实验证明这种新组合算法在优化能力和时间性能上比常用的聚类算法有比较明显的优势。