高温高压下煤的岩石学特征变化及其与天然状态下煤的对比

根据在河南禹县—荥巩煤田贫煤和无烟煤带存在气孔和镶嵌结构这一事实,对南部平顶山煤田的肥煤进行了高温高压实验。从1.5Kbar压力,不同温度下恒温一周后的产物特征得出:煤中的气孔形成于250—350℃;镶嵌结构形成于350—500℃;随着温度增高,煤的各向异性指数略有增高;并且,与天然状态下的煤相比,其具有气孔及镶嵌结构煤的反射率值要低得多。     

横波在各向异性复合介质中的传播

横波在各向异性介质中传播时将发生横波的分裂。把玻璃和水泥组成的复合介质看做是对裂缝简单而合理的近似,对裂缝引起的各向异性介质中横波的分裂进行了较详细的观察,当横波沿着平行于层面的方向传播时,可以观察到明显的横波分裂。裂缝引起的各向异性与裂缝参数和声源之间有密切的关系。在一定范围内,介质的横波速度各向异性程度随裂缝密度及裂缝宽度的增加而变大,且较高频率的探头对介质的各向异性更敏感。     

In vitro modulation of rat adipocyte ghost membrane fluidity by cholesterol oxysterols

The effects of cholesterol and cholesterol-derived oxysterols (cholestanone, cholestenone, coprostanone and epicoprostanol) on adipocyte ghost membrane fluidity were studied using a fluorescence depolarization method. The fluorescence anisotropy of the treated membranes was determined using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH). Cholestanone and cholesterol decreased membranes fluidity at both the concentrations tested (10 & 50 M) while the rest of the sterols did not exert any significant effect on membrane fluidity. In the presence of epinephrine, cholestanone partitioned more towards the lipid core but cholesterol partitioning was not affected. The fusion activation energies (E) obtained for membranes preincubated with cholestanone (8.6 kcal/mol) and cholesterol (8.2 kcal/mol) were not significantly different from that of untreated membranes (8.3 kcal/mol). Membranes preincubated with cholestanone and cholesterol did not exhibit any change in lipid phase throughout the temperature range (10–45°C) tested. The sterols were found to inhibit fisetin-induced phospholipid methylation in isolated rat adipocytes in the rank order of cholesterol > epicoprostanol > cholestanone=cholestenone=coprostanone, while basal methylations was unaffected. When adipocytes were preincubated with the sterols before the addition of fisetin, cholestanone and cholestenone showed 74% and 66% inhibition of maximal methylation respectively. These results indicated that cholesterol oxysterols interact differently with rat adipocyte membranes, with cholestanone interacting more with phospholipids located at the inner lipid bilayer (e.g. phosphatidylethanolamine) while cholesterol interacts more with phosphatidylcholine located at the outer lipid bilayer. This differential interaction may cause selective changes in membrane fluidity at different depths of the bilayer and thus may modulate the activities of membrane-bound proteins such as enzymes and receptors.     

一个新颖的混合配体双核镝(Ⅲ)配合物:合成、结构和磁性能研究

通过溶剂热方法合成了一个以4′-(对苯酚)-2, 2′:6′, 2"-三联吡啶(L1)和N, N'-双(亚水杨基)亚乙二胺(L_2)为混合配体的稀土金属配合物[Dy_2(L_1)_2(L_2)Cl_2(SCN)_4],并通过单晶和粉末X-射线衍射、元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、直流和交流磁化率对其结构和磁学性能进行了全面地表征。该配合物结晶于三斜P1空间群,晶胞参数为a=0.90268(4) nm,b=0.90572(3) nm,c=1.91170(7) nm,α=83.092(3)o,β=82.848(3)o,g=74.189(4)o,V=1.4860(11) nm~3,Z=1。在该配合物中,中性的N, N'-双(亚水杨基)亚乙二胺配体连接相邻的Dy~Ⅲ离子形成中心对称的松散双核结构,而具有大p共轭骨架的三联吡啶分子则作为封端配体参与Dy~Ⅲ离子配位多面体的构建。更为有趣的是,源于五角双锥构型的Dy~Ⅲ离子的强各向异性,该配合物呈现出场诱导的单分子磁体行为,其磁矩翻转的有效能垒和指前因子分别为42.7 K和1.3×10~(-6) s。     

碳纤维增强塑料电导率的研究现状

碳纤维增强塑料(carbon fiber reinforced plastic,CFRP)作为一种新型无机非金属基复合材料,具有优良的机械性能和力学性能,在工业和国防领域均得到广泛关注,特别是在汽车行业和大飞机生产过程。作为重要性能参数之一,电导率的研究对于CFRP的无损探伤、预防雷击、电磁屏蔽等具有重要意义。在深入分析CFRP的导电原理的基础上,综合考虑其不均匀性和各向异性,分别从实验方法、解析方法和数值仿真等方面对目前流行的CFRP电导率检测技术进行总结和对比,提出了更简单实时的实验方案,更精确有效的仿真模型和解析是下一步CFRP电导率研究的方向和目标。     

含氮气煤体超声各向异性特征实验研究

探讨含气煤体超声响应特征可为利用超声技术在煤岩物性特征测试中的应用提供依据。利用自主研发的煤储层物性特征实验系统,选取平煤八矿己_16-17煤层煤样,制备平行层理与面割理（x）、平行层理垂直面割理（y）和垂直层理（z）等3类煤样,对含氮气煤体在不同气体压力及不同吸附时间下的超声特征进行测试。实验结果表明：（1）轴压恒定时,随着围压增加,煤的弹性波速度不断增加,煤体抽真空状态下的纵、横波速度略大于常压下的波速;（2）煤柱从负压状态到注气吸附状态,随着注气时间的延长,波速先下降,然后缓慢升高;（3）轴压和围压不变时,随着气体压力的变化,纵波和横波速度均有所增加;（4）平行层理与面割理、平行层理垂直面割理和垂直层理方向各向异性明显,但超声响应规律基本一致;（5）煤样纵波和横波垂直、平行层理方向各向异性程度与吸附时间的关系差异明显,纵波各向异性程度对吸附时间更加敏感。     

植被根系浅层加筋作用对边坡稳定性的影响

植被浅层加筋对边坡稳定性具有积极作用,本文研究了水平与竖向植物根系对边坡加固的影响.首先分析了植被护坡机理,重点对植被的浅层加筋效果进行分析;然后设计了一种能够考虑加筋作用导致地层各向异性的边坡稳定性算法,该算法可通过整体不平衡力对边坡稳定性进行判别;最后进行了三种不同工况边坡的稳定性分析.研究表明:植被浅层加筋效应仅在坡顶和坡趾附近起到一定作用,对边坡整体滑移面形态几乎不产生影响;在坡顶处水平根系加固效果强于竖直根系,在坡趾处竖直根系加固效果更佳.因此,要使生态护坡起到更好的效果,需在边坡不同位置栽种不同根系类型的植物,如在坡顶和坡趾分别种植水平和竖向根系植物.     

宏细观结合各向异性砂土的变形特性模拟

采用宏细观结合的方法建立本构模型对各向异性砂土的变形特性进行模拟.该方法用组构张量定义了一新的各向异性状态变量,考虑该变量对临界状态线的影响建立各向异性模型.引入状态变量后,模型的临界状态面和其他状态面都随各向异性程度的不同而偏离静水压力轴,临界状态方程、硬化准则和剪胀方程都是孔隙比、围压、加载模式和各向异性变量的函数,模型用一组参数可以描述不同围压和密度的砂土各向异性强度-变形的力学响应.通过对各向异性砂的强度和含细观特性分析的试验变形模拟,初步验证了模型的合理性.     

Sobolev方程的各向异性非协调Crouzeix-Raviart型有限元分析

在各向异性网格剖分下,将一类Crouzeix-Raviart型非协调线性三角形元应用到Sobolev方程,建立了相应的半离散混合元格式.在抛弃传统有限元分析的必要工具Ritz投影算子的前提下,直接利用剖分单元的插值性质,得到了半离散格式的收敛性分析和最优误差估计,丰富了混合有限元的应用.     

Linking anisotropy with Fe3C distribution in AISI 1045 steel

The anisotropy of the microstructure, thermal expansion behavior, corrosion resistance and magnetic properties of AISI 1045 steel was investigated. The distribution of Fe3C lamellae i n the investigation plane parallel to the radial directions of molds was observed to differ from that in the investigation plane perpendicular to the radial directions by transmission electron microscopy. The lattice constants a0 ofα-Fe deduced from the XRD patterns of samples prepared using a sand (S)-mold and cut parallel to the radial direction of t h e m o l d ( S∥) and using a metal (M)-mold and cut parallel to the radial direction (M∥), the corrosion resistance measured using an electrochemical work-station, and the magnetic permeability obtained by vibrating sample magnetometry also indicated the existence of anisotropy in the tested samples. The anisotropic change of corrosion potential (Ecor ), pitting potential (Epit) and magnetic permeability (μ) of the samples was ob-served to depend on the orientation factor F200 ofα-Fe in the measured samples, which is controlled by the distribution of Fe3C lamellae in the eutectoid structure.