橘青霉侵染对杨梅果实酚类物质代谢作用的影响

以采前套袋控制病原菌潜伏侵染的杨梅果实为材料,采后接种橘青霉病菌,旨在研究橘青霉侵染对杨梅果实酚类物质含量及相关氧化酶活性变化的影响。结果表明:橘青霉侵染初期,杨梅果实细胞多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈上升趋势,酚类物质快速合成以提高自身的抗病能力。而同时期苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性并没有相应增加,反而下降较快,致使木质素合成受阻,说明橘青霉侵染虽然诱导杨梅果实产生一定的抗病性,但这种抗病能力有限。贮藏中后期,虽然POD活性略有下降,PPO活性保持平稳,但二者始终处于较高水平,从而导致前期积累的酚类物质被大量降解,加上前期木质素合成受阻的影响,橘青霉更容易穿透杨梅果实细胞壁,进入细胞组织内繁殖生长,最终导致果实腐败。     

基于Delphi的多层结构安全稳固技术的实现

传统的二层客户／服务器结构在大规模MIS应用中表现出许多局限性，为此多层结构应用体系应运而生，多层结构已成为目前分布式系统的主要应用结构。其安全稳固问题一直受业界关注。阐述了3种基于Delphi的多层结构安全稳固技术(容错技术、负载平衡技术、暂存数据技术)的原理，并给出了程序实现代码。     

在土木工程专业开设建筑设计课程的思考

阐述了在土木工程专业开设建筑设计选修课的必要性;并通过分析在土木工程专业的建筑设计选修课当中所反映出来的六类问题——不接受没有教材的上课形式、缺乏美学基础、考虑问题不够全面、不会查规范、不会把握进度和抄袭现象;提出了在建筑设计课中相应采用的改进教学方法——自主辅导法、启发教学法、实证教学法、基础和规范性教学法、计划教学法和鼓励教学法,以及实施这些教学法的效果。     

当今水墨画教学述评

水墨艺术作为中国文化的重要表征，经过千余年的洗练，具有传统文化的底蕴和中国独有的艺术韵味，不仅承载着数千年来中国文化的精神与审美内核，更饱含着中国文人内外兼修的高尚品德。中国传统水墨画具有认知、教育及审美的功能。水墨画课程不仅在美术学院开设，也逐渐进入其它类型的高校。实践证明，设计学科开设水墨专业课程抑或选修课程，经过熏陶，学生便能借助水墨的理念对设计作品进行诠释与演绎。因此开设中国水墨画课程，学生能够从中吸取有用的创造性元素，更能培养观察与思考问题的能力，以及创新的灵感与激情。     

近五年来中国现代科学家研究述评

科学家研究是中国现代科技史研究的进路和重要内容。本文以近五年来六种期刊发表的科学家研究论文为例,对学界对此问题的研究做简单述评,并认为应该加强科学思想史的研究。     

由建构与算理看戴震的《勾股割圜记》

戴震对中算的贡献,一向被认为只局限于算书的整理上,如校《九章算术》、恢复《算经十书》,等等。他的数学成就,常被批评为无足轻重。文章从学术建构的角度,来分析戴震的《勾股割圜记》,认为戴震著书的目的是希望由中算固有的性质中,创造出一个具文化传承且能与西方三角学匹敌的勾股割圆术。由此观点,戴书中许多被诟病之处,可得到合理的解释。另外,在研究戴震算学的文献中,很少谈到戴震对算理的强调。文章的另一目的是讨论算理在《勾股割圜记》中的重要性。戴震宣称割圜之法尽于勾股互权(相似直角三角形三边互求)。而在其书中勾股术的推导过程,除了图式,戴更明确地列出相似勾股形的对应边。无论是平面或是球面,戴的确是用该性质推导出所有的勾股术。     

词缀化和多音节化趋势对现代汉语词汇形态的影响

在英汉语言文化交流中,现代汉语吸收了大量的英语外来词,表现出愈来愈多的词缀化倾向和多音化趋势。英汉双语词典作为特殊的翻译文本,直接参与了英语语言成分的引进。英汉双语词典文本译名的词缀化和多音节化趋势极大地丰富了汉语词汇,对翻译文本的具体形态产生了深刻的影响,进而促进了汉语的现代化过程。     

构件对软件构架可靠性作用的分析

通过使用基于构架的软件可靠性模型对软件构架的可靠性进行了估算和分析,探讨了在软件构架中如何快速判断哪个构件对整个软件构架的可靠性影响较大或较小.同时,给出了判断的一般思路,并提出了如何进一步提高判断准确度的若干可行方案.     

A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan,its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis

The predominantly marine genus Schizopera Sars, 1905 has only two significant inland water species-flocks, one in the ancient African Lake Tanganyika and the other in subterranean waters of Western Australia. Discovery of Schizopera abei sp. nov. from several interstitial locations in the vicinity of the ancient Lake Biwa has wider implications for the study of morphological homoplasies in the genus, as well as for the study of freshwater invasions in harpacticoid copepods. The new Schizopera species belongs to a small group of congeners with a two-segmented endopod of the fourth leg, which used to be recognised as a separate genus, Schizoperopsis Apostolov, 1982. Our reconstructed phylogenies based on the mtCOI partial sequences suggest that this character probably evolved convergently in at least some Schizopera, thus rendering the genus Schizoperopsis polyphyletic. However, almost all basal nodes in our cladograms are weakly supported, which shows limitations of a single-gene approach for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships. The new species is the first member of its genus from Japanese inland waters, and it has no close relatives among extent congeners anywhere in the world. We speculate that its ancestor may have invaded Lake Biwa, and subsequently its surrounding subterranean waters, from brackish areas around central Japan, presumably during a period of high sea water level through its major outflow river. This discovery may provide further support for the hypothesis about the role of ancient lakes as biodiversity pumps for subterranean habitats.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F71F7AD-B7C8-4AD3-BE44-5E1BEE4E2AA8     

Four new records and a new species of Dactylokepon Stebbing, 1910 (Epicaridea: Bopyridae: Ioninae) from Chinese waters

Five species of the parasitic isopod genus Dactylokepon are described from brachyuran crabs and a scyllarid shrimp collected in Chinese waters. Four species are first recorded from this region, D. richardsonae Stebbing, 1910 Stebbing, T. R. R. 1910. Isopod from the Indian Ocean and British East Africa.. Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology, 14(1): 83–122.  [Google Scholar] infesting Portunus argentatus (White), D. semipennatus Bourdon, 1983 Bourdon, R. 1983. Expédition Rumphius II (1975) Crustacés parasites, commensaux, etc. (Th. Monod éd.). VIII. Crustacés isopodes (3e partie: Épicarides Bopyridae).. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4, 5(A3): 845–869.  [Google Scholar] infesting Portunus haanii (Stimpson) and Lupocyclus rotundatus Adams and White, D. holthuisi Bourdon, 1967 Bourdon, R. 1967. Sur deux nouveaux épicarides (Isopoda) parasites de crustacés decapods.. Zoologische Mededelingen, 42(17): 167–174.  [Google Scholar] infesting Eduarctus martensii (Pfeffer), and D. caribaeus Markham, 1975 Markham, J. C. 1975. New records of two species of parasitic isopods of the bopyrid subfamily Ioninae in the western Atlantic.. Crustaceana, 29(1): 55–67.  [Google Scholar] infesting Randallia trituberculata Sakai. In addition, one species is new to science, D. barbuladigitus n. sp. infesting Liagore rubromaculata (De Haan). Six brachyuran crabs are reported for the first time as hosts of bopyrids. The new species is distinguished from other species of Dactylokepon in having a prominent trifid frontal lamina and a distinct digitate barbula.