太原市耕地资源动态变化及驱动力分析

利用1949—2005年的统计数据,分析了太原市耕地资源动态变化过程,并选取总人口、全社会固定资产投资额、人均GDP、工业总产值、第三产业比例等指标进行主成分分析。研究结果表明：太原市耕地数量经历了较快增长-急剧减少-平稳减少-波状减少的变化过程,太原市各地区的耕地变化也有明显差异性;通过主成分分析以及建立太原市耕地面积与驱动力因子的多元线性回归模型,得到经济因素、人口因素和第三产业发展是影响太原市耕地变化的主要因素。研究内容和分析结论对太原市耕地资源可持续利用具有重要意义。图4,表4,参18。     

群决策的交互式TOPSIS方法及其应用

建立了一种多轮交互逐步逼近满意解的多属性群体决策的综合方法,对决策方案采用扩展的 TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)法进行定性评价排序,以克服一类难以建立解析模型,分析求解困难的多属性群决策问题;设计了群体满意度等软指标来分析计算,判断群体一致性的达成,最终得出群体满意的方案排序.通过应用实例,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性,初步提出了可作为建立一类实际的群决策支持系统的方法和技术框架.     

Preface

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer’s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties. This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60674082, 70221001, and 70731003.     

Tax Evasion: Models with Self-Audit

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer＇s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.     

递推加权最小二乘算法的研究

通常在使用递推加权最小二乘算法时,需要设计矩阵列满秩.从极限理论的角度出发,对设计矩阵列不满秩时加权最小二乘估计的递推算法进行了理论证明和分析,得出了在任意第n步,未知参数估计值收敛于由前n组数据所决定的极小范数加权最小二来解,并且此解是唯一的,仿真结果同样验证了该结论的正确性.     

一种多目标优化问题的混合优化算法

利用分布估计算法(EDA)的全局搜索性能及差分进化(DE)算法的局部优化能力,提出了一种多目标优化问题的混合智能求解方法DE-EDA.DE-EDA的子代个体由两部分构成,一部分按差分进化算法生成,另一部分则是通过对分布估计算法的概率模型进行随机采样生成.利用模拟退火技术在线调整尺度因子Pr,即在进化的初期选择较大的Pr,以保证EDA起主导作用,由EDA引导DE搜索向Pareto前端,增加全局搜索能力,然后在进化的过程中逐渐降低Pr,使得DE逐渐占据主导作用,确保解精确收敛到Pareto前端.通过4组基准函数来测试算法性能,并与NSGA-Ⅱ和DE算法进行实验比较,结果表明该方法不仅解的多样性和分布性好,而且能够有效提高种群进化的收敛速度,是一种求解多目标优化问题的有效方法.     

基于装备作战效能的复杂电磁环境下训练效果评估

训练效果的准确评估是改进训练方法提高训练效果的基础.复杂电磁环境下的训练对象是装备操作人员与指挥人员,目的是通过训练提高操作人员与指挥人员应对复杂电磁环境的能力.由于复杂电磁环境下训练的复杂性和不确定性,对指挥人员、操作人员的能力及其战术水平进行量化入模十分困难,直接建立指标体系对训练效果进行评估很难实现.提出了一种基于武器装备作战效能的训练效果评估方法,通过武器装备的作战效能反映操作人员和指挥人员的能力;通过训练前后武器作战效能的提高量化值对训练的效果进行评估.实例表明,该方法可以很好的解决复杂电磁环境下训练效果评估问题.     

目标运动要素自主隐蔽解析的微分进化策略

针对传统目标运动要素自主隐蔽解析中存在的噪声适应性差等问题,提出要素自主解析的微分进化策略。首先,简要论述了目标运动要素的自主隐蔽解析过程;其次,推导要素自主解析的协方差传播过程,给出目标运动要素方差与目标观测方位方差的对应关系,分析方位观测均方差对要素自主解析结果的影响;再次,提出了微分进化算法对自主解析模型的优化策略;最后,对优化策略进行仿真验证。结果表明,当方位存在0.1°的均方误差时,初距D₀均方误差约为12 Cab,速度分量V_mx、V_my均方误差分别约为5 Kn、6 Kn,通过微分进化策略优化后明显提高了要素自主解析结果的精度。     

轨道分析解的改进方法及其应用

主要介绍一种通过改进各类轨道摄动项的表达形式,以优化计算效率的轨道分析解改进方法。以低地球轨道为例,阐述了轨道分析解改进后的具体算法,并通过数值仿真分析验证了算法的有效性和实用性。算法以第一类无奇点根数作为轨道状态量,采用开普勒轨道根数计算各类摄动力的长期、长周期和短周期项,通过较简单的组合形式计算无奇点根数的对应摄动项,实现在保持分析解精度和消除小偏心率奇点的同时,提高计算效率。仿真结果表明,分析解算法的模型精度在1E-5量级,符合一阶分析解理论精度的预期;同时计算速度达到传统分析解算法的4倍左右,可有效提升空间碎片轨道预报的计算效率,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

一种虚拟离子电极的研究

电解质多组分的在线检测是一项具有挑战性的课题，是生物工程、设施农业和环境检测等多个领域的关键技术之一。文章针对营养液成分的在线检测，根据机理分析，利用各离子成分之间的相关性，提出了一种虚拟离子电极，并进行了详细分析。虚拟离子电极采用径向基函数网络予以算法实现。文中提出的方法可以克服目前离子电极的限制，实验结果也验证了本方法的有效性。