H2SO4改性活性炭催化合成二苯甲烷

以活性炭负载硫酸作为一种新型便宜和有效的环境友好固体催化剂,催化合成了二苯甲烷．考察了催化剂用量、苯与苄基氯体积比、反应温度以及反应时间对该傅一克反应的影响,得出了最佳反应条件,即m（改性活性炭）：m（苯）：m（苄基氯）-18：39：4,反应时间为7h,反应温度为80℃．在此条件下,二苯甲烷产率为78％．     

造纸脱墨污泥脲醛树脂纤维板研究

利用同步热分析研究脲醛树脂胶的热解特性。利用造纸厂脱墨污泥制造纤维板,分析密度、施胶量、温度、时间对材料物理力学性能影响。结果表明,热压温度在110～200℃之间、NH4Cl加入量为0.5%为宜。污泥纤维板的静曲强度为1.99～18.33 MPa,平均值为8.21 MPa;弹性模量为0.46～3.22GPa,平均值为1.57 GPa;内结合强度为1.58～3.15 MPa,平均值为2.25 MPa;沸腾实验后内结合强度为0.66～1.71 MPa,平均值为1.14 MPa;24h吸水厚度膨胀率为4.36%～7.69%,平均值为5.54%。极差分析密度、施胶量、温度、时间对材料各项性能影响不同,但密度影响都是最大的。SAS分析显示密度、施胶量、温度对材料各项性能的影响都是显著的。     

锂硫电池正极用硫碳复合材料的制备和电化学研究

采用优化合成的高比表面积和多微孔结构的活性炭,通过加热的方法使单质硫升华并沉积到活性炭微孔中,得到锂硫电池正极用硫碳复合材料.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和比表面积表征复合材料的结构、表面形貌和比表面特性.循环伏安测试表明,复合材料在2.05V和2.35V时存在两个还原峰,在2.4V时存在一个氧化峰.充放电循环实验表明,单质硫在100mA·g-1的电流密度下首次放电比容量高达1352.5mA·h·g-1,硫的利用率达到了80.9%,循环40周后比容量还保持在800.7mA·h·g-1,表现出良好的循环稳定性.     

污泥对石灰性土壤有机质和全氮磷钾含量的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同用量污泥对石灰性生土和熟土有机质和全氮、全磷、全钾含量的影响。结果表明：施用1．25％、2．5％、3．75％、5％的污泥,两种石灰性土壤有机质和全N、全P含量都显著高于对照,且随着用量的增大,增加幅度增大;而全K含量增加不显著。因此,合理利用污泥能提高土壤肥力。     

粉末活性炭强化絮凝联用应急处理震后微污染源水

面临震后成都市沙河段微污染原水的水质情况,提供切实有效的应急处理措施,并为给水厂的粉末活性炭应急投加提供依据,通过烧杯试验确定了适宜的活性炭投加量和投炭点。结果表明,投加点在流程上越靠前越有利于活性炭吸附作用的充分发挥;活性炭与混凝剂的竞争吸附现象并不明显。活性炭的投量需根据不同水质情况通过试验确定,针对成都沙河段的原水水质,试验所确定的活性炭最佳投加量为10～15mg/L。     

河南油田含油污泥焚烧和资源化利用

针对河南油田含油污泥的情况,采用沉淀、收油、固化、添加助燃剂等处理方法,利用河南油田现有的燃煤锅炉对其进行焚烧.使用该方法能以较低的成本对含油污泥进行资源化利用,降低燃煤锅炉成本,实现含油污泥的无害化处理,解决环境污染问题.燃烧烟气检测结果表明:与煤单独燃烧时相比,处理后的含油污泥与煤共同燃烧SO2的质量浓度从410mg/m3左右降为88mg/m3左右,氮氧化物的质量浓度从62.5410mg/m3左右下降为21.1410mg/m3左右,烟尘质量浓度从45mg/m3左右上升到126mg/m3左右,但都能满足环保要求.燃烧后固体废弃物的浸出液检测结果表明:COD、硫化物、石油类都达到国家二类排放标准.节约燃煤15%～17%.     

Adsorption Characteristics of Remazol Black B on Anoxic Sludge

The adsorption characteristics of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge were investigated. The parameters, such as initial pH, sulphate concentration, and temperature,affecting the dye adsorption were studied. The adsorption data were analyzed with three adsorption isotherm models,namely Langmuir, Freudlich, and linear partition. The results showed that adsorption of Remazol Black B on the sterilized sludge reached equilibrium in 4 h. It also indicated that pH had significant effect on anoxic sludge adsorption behavior. The adsorption capacity of anoxic sludge decreased with the increase of pH value and the maximum adsorption capacity of dyes occurred at pH = 3. The adsorptive capacities increased with the decrease of temperature and increase of sulphate concentration. Results also indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge could be well fitted by Freundlich model.     

Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

Inactivation Removal for Excess Propagation of Copepod of Zooplankton in Ozone-Granular Activated Carbon Filter in Southern China

Comparative experiments on the inactivation of Copepod were investigated in southern China.The 100% of inactivation effect may be attained by 3.0 mg/L of ozone for contacting time of 25 min,whereas 0.5 mg/L of dosage resulted in only 30% of inactivation rate.Copepod may not be completely inactivated by ozone oxidation for feasible dosage limited by higher bromide in raw water.The favorable environment of granular activated carbon(GAC)filter provided Copepod with conditions for excess propagation.The disinfe...     

炼油厂剩余污泥中温厌氧消化处理试验研究

针对中国石油锦州石化公司污水处理厂的剩余污泥采取动态半连续流中温厌氧消化试验,进行污泥减量化及资源化的中试研究。对系统进行每天定量投配生污泥,考察不同停留时间污泥系统中pH值、VFA、碱度、固相及液相COD的参数变化情况以及COD、VSS的降解情况。结果表明：锦州石化公司剩余活性污泥有较好的消化性能,消化周期为20～25d,COD去除率为70.3%,VSS去除率为55.6%,1kgCOD产气量为0.33m3。污泥混合物实现了剩余污泥的减量化与资源化。