溶解氧对垃圾压缩站废水同时硝化反硝化脱氮的影响

溶解氧（DO）含量是实现同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮的关键因素之一.文中采用同时好氧厌氧生物反应器（SOA）,对反应器内不同DO含量下垃圾压缩站废水中氨氮（NH4＋-N）,CODcr和总氮（TN）含量随时间的变化情况进行了考察.发现DO含量对反应器内CODcr,NH4＋-N和TN的去除效率和效果均有较大的影响.在DO含量（质量浓度,下同）为1.0mg/L时,反应器内的氨氮去除可分为快速和慢速两个阶段.在DO含量为0.5 mg/L时反应器内出现好氧区和厌氧区平衡状态,同时硝化反硝化脱氮效果最佳.反应器内可能存在一定的厌氧氨氧化脱氮过程.     

SBR的工艺特点分析

阐述了SBR法的基本流程、工艺特点及工艺的独特优势。SBR的主体工艺设备,只有一个按一定时间顺序间歇操作运行的反应器,工艺简单,投资和运行费用低。污泥活性强,质量浓度高,对水量、水质变化的适应性强,有机物去除率高,沉淀效果好,不易出现污泥膨胀,脱氮除磷效果好。SBR法已广泛用于许多行业多种废水的处理,并开发出一些改进工艺.介绍了几种SBR法的衍生工艺.     

集约化养猪场冲栏水的达标处理

采用厌氧ＡＢＲ反应器与好氧－缺氧ＩＣＥＡＳ反应器串联工艺处理养猪场冲栏废水,在无外加碱度条件下,由于进水中的碱度不够补偿硝化过程中碱度的消耗,而使ＩＣＥＡＳ反应器中的ＰＨ降低至５．５左右,严重抑制了硝细菌和亚硝化细菌的活性,导致了ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ的去除率小于６０％,出水中ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ的浓度为６００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,无法达到排放标准。在外加ＣａＣＯ３（３．９ｇ／Ｌ）的条件下,ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ的浓度为６００     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of Rhodamine B catalyzed by nanosized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> film

A fixed bed photocatalytic reactor was designed,and dynamic fast scan of UV-Vis adsorption spectrum was adopted to study the photocatalytic degradation dynamic behavior of Rhodamine B,a kind of dye generally recognized as to be degraded difficultly ,on the surface of nanosized TiO2 thin film,The results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation process of Rhodamine B does not comply with the first-order reaction kinetic process ,As a result,a kinetic model of Rhodamine B photocataly tic degradation ,reaction is brough forward ,and the model is proved by the theoretical deduction and experiment.     

Transient pressure analysis for the reactor core and containment of a HTGR after a primary loop pressure boundary break accident

The pressure variances in the reactor core and containment of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) after a primary loop pressure boundary break accident determine the structural integrity and safety of the reactor. Based on mass conservation, energy conservation and state equations, explicit formulae for the transient pressure and temperature variances in the pressure vessels were deduced, and a set of differential equations for the transient pressure and temperature variances in the containment were developed. Numerical simulation was also conducted to investigate the transient pressure and temperature variances in the pressure vessels and containment. The results show that energy transformation due to expansion work cannot be neglected. The maximum pressure in the containment could increase by 40 percent due to blockage caused by air in the containment. Detailed numerical simulations of the transient pressure and temperature variance in the reactor core flow passages were also conducted. The results show that the pressures acting on the reactor core and containment are below acceptable values.     

A brief introduction to neutron activation analysis in China

The history, the major achievements in both methodology and applications, the current trends and future perspectives of neutron activation analysis (NAA) in China are briefly described.     

基于生物-生态耦合工艺的农村生活污水处理研究

开发低投资、低能耗、低维护的生活污水处理工艺是解决农村污水处理问题的关键。采用无动力升流式厌氧生物滤池(UAF)与潜流式人工湿地(SFW)耦合工艺处理农村生活污水,考察了耦合工艺在不同水力停留时间(HRT)下对生活污水的处理效果,并通过增加SFW内的植株密度改善脱氮除磷效果。结果表明:UAF与SFW耦合工艺无动力消耗,免维护,适合农村地区的生活污水处理,对氮、磷的去除主要依靠SFW阶段完成,通过增加芦苇的植株密度可以明显增强SFW内生物的脱氮除磷能力,并保证UAF与SFW耦合工艺的处理性能稳定在较高水平。在t(HRT)UAF=18h,t(HRT)SFW=3d的条件下,UAF与SFW耦合工艺出水COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均质量浓度分别为44.07,4.25,13.36和0.44mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。     

SCWR for Future LargeScale Nuclear Power Generation

The ambitious nuclear power program motivates the Chinese nuclear community to develop advanced reactor concepts of generation IV, in order to ensure the longterm, stable and sustainable development of nuclear power. The supercritical watercooled reactor (SCWR) has favorable features in economics, sustainability and technology availability. It is the logical extension of the existing PWR technology and has very promising perspectives in largescale power generation in China. This paper describes the main features of SCWR. New designs of SCWR core structure and fuel assemblies are proposed. Preliminary analysis using a coupled neutronphysics/thermalhydraulics method is carried out and shows a good feasibility of the new design proposal.     

乏风瓦斯热逆流反应器的流动压力损失特性

分析了热逆流反应器压力损失的组成和机理,上下集气箱内和陶瓷床内部的摩擦阻力损失和陶瓷床进出口的局部损失,建立了各部分压力损失的相应公式并根据实验数据进行了计算.结果表明:陶瓷床进出口的局部流动损失远小于摩擦阻力损失,因此可以在损失分析时忽略以使问题简化;下集气箱中的摩擦阻力损失明显大于上集气箱和陶瓷床,并且对进口流速的增长最为敏感,在总损失中占据首位;给出了热逆流反应器的总压力损失计算公式,应用该式可对不同流量工况下的总损失进行计算.     

四环素类制药废水厌氧生化预处理研究

采用间歇或连续试验法,对四环素类制药废水进行了厌氧生化预处理研究,考察该废水的厌氧生化降解性.试验结果表明:在间歇试验条件下,不同浓度的制药废水对厌氧产生的抑制不同,随着浓度的增加,产甲烷菌受毒性抑制增加,使得各个最大产气区间后移;在连续试验条件下,水力停留时间(Hydraulic Retention Time,HRT)≈4.4d,容积负荷(Volume Load Ratio,VLR)在1.85-2.11 kgCOD/(m3.d)范围,系统较为稳定,CODCr平均去除率为38.53%.厌氧处理此类废水需严格控制进水的pH值,维持碱度与挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile Fatty Acid,VFA)的比值在一定范围内.