一体化两相厌氧反应器处理猪场废水的启动研究

采用自行设计的一体化两相厌氧反应器处理猪场废水,对启动过程进行研究。在37℃条件下,通过交替增加进水COD浓度和缩短水利停留时间提高系统的容积负荷,采用动力学控制与pH调节相结合的方法进行分相。经过68天的运行,系统的容积负荷 (VLR) 达到8.84 kgCOD/(m3•d) ,水力停留时间(HRT)为20.95h, 产酸相的COD去除率基本维持在20～30％,系统COD去除率稳定在80％以上。其中产酸相的VLR和HRT分别为31.11 kg COD/(m3•d) 和5.95 h,产甲烷相的VLR和HRT分别为9.39 kg COD/(m3•d)和15 h。出水SS均在400 mg/L以下,去除率最高可达92.8%,沼气的容积产气率达到2.568 m3/( m3•d)。     

微通道反应器内富氢重整气中CO选择性甲烷化净化

将4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2双金属催化剂均匀涂布到微通道反应器中,运用CO选择性甲烷化方法来净化富氢重整气中的CO。考察了焙烧温度、催化剂的涂布方法和CTAB/Zr的比例对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明：CTAB/Zr=0.35、350 ℃焙烧所制备的催化剂表现出良好的低温活性。反应温度240 ℃时可将CO的出口浓度降低到11 ppm,在温度240～300 ℃、空速13000～20000 h-1的范围内CO的转化率都可达99%以上,CO2的转化率不超过7%。     

水听器基阵障板影响和阵列流形的边界元计算及实验验证

在考虑障板对水听器基阵影响的基础上, 提出阵列流形获取的新方法, 即阵列流形的边界元计算方法. 首先将基阵障板视为一个散射体, 然后通过计算散射体表面声场分布, 求出基阵阵元位置处的声场响应, 最后得到整个基阵的阵列流形. 该方法可以获得与实验测量相吻合的阵列流形, 避免了理想阵列模型失配的问题. 对安装在半球形障板上的14元圆弧阵进行了仿真计算, 并在消声水池进行了实验验证. 仿真计算与实验结果表明, 由于障板对水听器基阵的影响, 阵元具有很强的指向性, 导致理想阵列流形与实测阵列流形差异很大, 利用本文方法可以获得与实测值相吻合的阵列流形.     

华光铝业废水处理设施二沉池改造

华光铝业废水处理日处理1050m^3／d,设计出水执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）一级B排放标准。在试运行期间二沉池发生厌氧现象,提出改造方案,经过施工改造,处理设施顺利运行,废水达标排放。     

Current status and technology development tendency of research reactors in China

The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors （RRs） are mentioned. The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced. The utilizations of China＇ s RRs, mainly included as nuclear engineering technology, basic research applications of nuclear technology, teaching and personnel training, are explained.     

The design and calculation of the delayed neutron detection system for PWR and CEFR

This paper discussed the importance of the delayed neutron detection system. We improved the delayed neutron detection station and delayed neutron detector, so the noise was greatly decreased and the detection efficiency was greatly increased. After the improvement the stability of the detector was enhanced and the false alarm was eliminated. We introduced the principle of the gas lift pump designed for the sodium cooled fast reactor. A calculation model of the failed fuel detection system of CEFR was proposed, and from the model a code using LabWindows/CVI was developed. The minimum broken area that could be detected by the delayed neutron detection system of CEFR was calculated and the delayed neutron detection signal in a few representative transient conditions during fuel failure happened was stimulated.     

炼油厂剩余污泥中温厌氧消化处理试验研究

针对中国石油锦州石化公司污水处理厂的剩余污泥采取动态半连续流中温厌氧消化试验,进行污泥减量化及资源化的中试研究。对系统进行每天定量投配生污泥,考察不同停留时间污泥系统中pH值、VFA、碱度、固相及液相COD的参数变化情况以及COD、VSS的降解情况。结果表明：锦州石化公司剩余活性污泥有较好的消化性能,消化周期为20～25d,COD去除率为70.3%,VSS去除率为55.6%,1kgCOD产气量为0.33m3。污泥混合物实现了剩余污泥的减量化与资源化。     

Preparation of β-SiC by combustion synthesis in a large-scale reactor

The feasibility of 5 kg β-SiC synthesized in one batch was demonstrated through igniting the mixture of Si, C-black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) under different nitrogen pressures. The effect of experimental parameters, including the contents of PTFE, nitrogen pressure, preheating, and raw materials distribution forms were investigated. The results show that the products are β-SiC with equiaxed grains. The average grain size is less than 200 nm. The powders loaded loosely promote reaction heat dispersing, resulting in small grains. High purity β-SiC powders are obtained when the PTFE content is as low as 5wt%, which simplifies the process and decreases the cost effectively. The ceramic sintered from the obtained β-SiC powders presents the hardness of 22.20 GPa, the bending strength as high as 715.15 MPa and the fracture toughness of 8.179 MPa·m1/2, which are higher than those of ceramics fabricated with α-SiC produced by combustion synthesis.     

水解酸化——复合生物反应器处理玻璃厂废水工程设计

介绍了玻璃厂废水处理工程的概况,阐述了废水处理工艺流程、主要处理构筑物及设计参数,进行了技术经济分析,总结了调试与运行情况,指出本工程设计采用水解酸化工艺提高废水的可生化性,提高了后续生物处理的去除效果,水解后的生物处理采用先进的复合生物反应器工艺,出水水质稳定达标,处理效率较高。     

污泥消化前的预处理效果比较

比较了活性污泥采用碱处理、碱处理与超声处理（20kHz,150w）不同组合预处理的效果。在溶解效果实验中,采用碱预处理,溶解性COD与TCOD的比值可增大到30.1％,再接超声处理,该比值可增大到79.3％;如同时采用碱和超声处理,该比值达到75.9％。在后续BAP实验中,初始活性污泥中挥发性脂肪酸与TCOD的比值小于10％,采用碱预处理,该比值可增大到30％,再接超声处理,该比值可增大到59％;如同时采用碱和超声处理,该比值达到最大值80％。此外,同时采用碱和超声处理可大大缩短预处理时间。因此,将碱和超声同时用于预处理,能有效增加活性污泥中挥发性脂肪酸的产量、改善后续的消化过程。