Co助剂对Ni-B非晶态催化剂微观结构和加氢性能的影响

通过化学还原法制备了一系列Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂,研究了n(KBH4)/n(Ni)和Co含量对Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂微观结构及其催化二硝基甲苯(DNT)合成甲苯二胺(TDA)性能的影响。通过XRD和H2-TPD技术对催化剂微观结构表征表明,随着n(KBH4)/n(Ni)的增大,NiB2含量增多,催化剂的加氢性能先增大后减小;当n(KBH4)/n(Ni)=4时,Ni-B非晶态合金的催化加氢性能最优。Co助剂的引入增大了Ni-B非晶态合金的无序程度,降低了Ni活性中心对H2的吸附强度,使得H2物种更容易在催化剂表面流动并参加反应,进一步增大了Ni-B催化DNT加氢合成TDA的活性和选择性。当Co的摩尔分数为6%时,Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化剂的性能最优,DNT转化率为96.8%,TDA的选择性达100%。     

非晶硅太阳电池背接触界面和n型层参数敏感性研究

在参照国内外大量实验测量数据的基础上,建立了pin结构非晶硅太阳电池的计算模型．通过一系列模拟计算和分析,研究了电池3个外部特性和能量转换效率对背接触界面和n型层参数的敏感性．结果表明,背接触势垒高度和n型层掺杂浓度是对电池外部特性参数有显著影响的敏感参教;背面反射率只对短路电流和转换效率的改善有贡献且最大增幅均小于10％;背接触界面载流子表面复合速率和n型层的厚度、迁移率隙、载流子迁移率等参数对电池各外部特性的影响均很小．根据对计算结果的分析,提出了背接触界面和n型层参数的一组优化值,并指出背接触势垒高度和n型层掺杂浓度应作为理论和工艺研究重点．     

Glass-forming ability,microhardness, corrosion resistance,and dealloying treatment of Mg60?xCu40Ndx alloy ribbons

The influence of Nd addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), microhardness, and corrosion resistance of Mg60?xCu40Ndx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, at%) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Vickers-type hardness tests, and electrochemical me-thods. The results suggest that the GFA and microhardness of the amorphous alloys increase until the Nd content reaches 20at%. The corro-sion potential and corrosion current density obtained from the Tafel curves indicate that the Mg35Cu40Nd25 ternary alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the investigated alloys. Notably, nanoporous copper (NPC) was synthesized through a single-step dealloying of Mg60?xCu40Ndx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) ternary alloys in 0.04 mol·L?1 H2SO4 solution under free corrosion conditions. The influence of dealloying process parameters, such as dealloying time and temperature, on the microstructure of the ribbons was also studied using the sur-face diffusivity theory. The formation mechanism of dealloyed samples with a multilayered structure was also discussed.     

钇对ZrCuNiAl系合金非晶形成能力的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了添加钇对Zr55 Cu30Ni5Al10Y(=0,1,2,3,4)非晶合金体系玻璃形成能力的影响。用铜模铸造获得的Zr55 Cu30Ni5Al10Y(=0,1,2,3,4)块体非晶合金的临界尺寸从直径6 mm增加到20 mm。分析认为,微量钇的添加可以与合金中的残留氧形成氧化物,降低氧对合金形成非晶态结构的负面效应。因此添加适量的稀土元素钇有利于提高Zr55 Cu30Ni5Al10Y非晶合金体系的玻璃形成能力。     

Fe—P非晶合金电沉积镀层的制备及其腐蚀性能

本文以电化学方法研制Fe—P非晶合金的电沉积镀层。研究了各种电沉积条件对合金中磷含量的影响。测定了非晶合金的腐蚀性和极化曲线。实验结果指出,在开始阶段合金是活化腐蚀,合金中的磷加快了腐蚀过程,最后磷在表面的富集,使合金进入钝化状态。 对非晶合金电沉积镀层的晶化温度和硬度进行了测定。     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

氧化锆-莫来石纳米复相陶瓷的制备

通过选择合适的SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2（SAZ）配方和添加剂，在1620～1700℃熔成均匀的SAZ熔体，经超快速冷却凝固得到大块透明非晶体，再经二步热处理制得白色氧化锆-莫来石纳米复相陶瓷。用差式扫描量热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等技术研究SAZ系非晶的原位受控晶化过程。研究结果表明：在900～950℃时，SAZ系非晶中开始析出四方氧化锆（t-ZrO2）；在1000℃左右时，莫来石晶相开始形成；在1100℃时，晶化基本完全，其显微结构致密，粒子大小均匀，呈球状，平均粒径为20-50nm;当温度继续升高至1150℃时，有少量单斜氧化锆（m—ZrO2）生成，这说明在1100～1150℃时，已有部分t-ZrO2发生马氏体相变；当温度高达1250℃时，M-ZrO2含量明显增加，还有堇青石相析出，其粒子迅速长大，到1350℃时少数莫来石晶体长度达5μm；加入添加剂TiO2，并未改变初晶相t-ZrO2的形成，但显著降低了SAZ系非晶的晶化温度，促进其整体晶化。     

等离子喷涂铁基非晶/晶体复合涂层的工艺–结构–性能关系

本研究试图通过优化等离子喷涂参数来开发一种Fe基非晶/晶体涂层,该涂层主要成分来自一种贫乏的铁基合金（Fe_92.6C_3.5P_1.4Si₂Mn_0.5）。这种合金是钢铁厂高炉产出的生铁剩余废料。为了经济有效地重新利用这种残留物,这种合金在合成时对成分进行了最少的修改。同时,本研究还探讨了涂层的结构、机械、腐蚀和磨损性能对喷涂参数（等离子功率、主气体流速、送粉速度和间隔距离）的依赖性。X射线衍射表明,在最优的喷涂参数下沉积的涂层存在无定形/晶体相。在较低等离子功率和最高气体流速下沉积的涂层表现出更好的密度、硬度和耐磨性。所有涂层都表现出良好的耐腐蚀性（腐蚀环境:3.5wt% NaCl 溶液）。机械、磨损和摩擦学研究表明,单一的工艺参数优化无法提供良好的涂层性能;相反,所有工艺参数在优化涂层性能都具有独一无二的作用,它们主要通过控制飞行中的颗粒温度和速度分布,以及熔滴撞击基材之前的冷却模式来控制涂层性能。     

迈克耳逊干涉法测量非晶FeSiB的磁致伸缩

用迈克耳逊干涉法,对不同成份的非晶态 Fe Si B 合金的磁致伸缩特性进行比较测量,寻找具有较高磁致伸缩系数的非晶材料.     

衍射模型对非晶态Fe－Co合金适用的温区

研究了非晶态合金（Ｆｅ（１－ｘ）Ｃｏｘ）８２Ｃｕ０．４Ｓｉ４．４Ｂ１３．２（ｘ＝０．０２，０．０５，０．１０，０．１５）的电阻率和温度之间关系，样品的德拜温度在３５０～５３０Ｋ之间，在１１Ｋ（Ｔ＜１００Ｋ和２００Ｋ以上的温区，电阻率分别与温度平方户和温度Ｔ成线性关系，在１１Ｋ＜Ｋ２００Ｋ的温区内，样品的导电机制可用衍射模型描述．