介质对磷酸铁结晶影响研究

磷酸铁的结晶与反应体系的酸度、温度及过饱和度相关.本文研究了不同介质中生成的磷酸铁结晶产物性能,探讨了磷酸铁纯度与反应体系相互影响关系,并制备出热稳定性好、磷铁元素摩尔比接近1的电子级磷酸铁.     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

双酚A型聚碳酸酯结晶行为研究进展

双酚A型聚碳酸酯(PC)是一种具有优良综合性能的工程塑料,对其结晶行为的研究,有助于材料的广泛应用及深入理解高分子结晶的本质。综述了近年来PC结晶行为研究的最新工作和理论进展,包括本体、溶剂及蒸汽诱导、加入成核剂、超临界二氧化碳作用下以及与其他聚合物共混PC的结晶行为研究。     

p-Si TFT的电场增强MILC制备技术

采用电场增强金属诱导侧向晶化方法获得了结晶良好的多晶硅薄膜,并采用该工艺制备了p沟道薄膜晶体管器件,其迁移率为65cm2/(V·s),开关态电流比为5×106.采用拉曼光谱分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等微观分析手段对多晶硅薄膜进行了分析,结果表明加电场于两电极之间有促进多晶硅薄膜晶化的作用.采用EFE-MILC技术获得了大的晶粒尺寸,并用此技术制备了p沟多晶硅TFT.表明EFE-MILC技术是在低温下获得大晶粒尺寸p-Si薄膜和高性能p-SiTFT的好方法.     

Ni7Zr2非晶合金制备及其磁性能研究

采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能.     

射频磁控溅射透明ZnO薄膜的退火性质分析

采用射频(RF)磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜。对所制备的ZnO薄膜在空气气氛中进行不同温度(350~600℃)的退火处理。利用XRD研究退火对ZnO薄膜晶体性能和应力状态的影响;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察薄膜的表面形貌;用分光光谱仪测试薄膜的透光率。研究表明,随退火温度的升高,ZnO薄膜(002)衍射峰强度不断增强,半高宽逐渐减小;ZnO薄膜中沿c轴方向存在着的张应力在500℃退火时得到松弛;退火处理后薄膜的平均透光率变化不大,但透射光谱出现了“红移”现象。     

Recent results on hydrogen and hydration in biology studied by neutron macromolecular crystallography

Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating hydrogen atoms in proteins, a technique complimentary to ultra-high-resolution [1, 2] X-ray diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the United States, and they have been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to hydrogen positions and hydration patterns in proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical details of hydrogen bonds, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, the role of hydrogen atoms in enzymatic activity and thermostability, and the dynamical behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large single crystals, the preparation of fully deuterated proteins, the use of cryogenic techniques, and a data base of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, will be described.     

基于核极限学习机的煮糖结晶自适应控制研究

针对煮糖结晶过程难以进行自动控制的问题,提出一种基于预测模型的自适应控制方法.以逐步浓缩上升煮糖工艺为基础,基于核极限学习机构建糖膏液位和糖膏锤度的预测模型;以预测工艺偏差作为适应度函数,利用粒子群算法在线优化蒸汽阀和入料阀开度,并自动调节阀门用于跟踪理想工艺曲线.结果表明:与人工煮糖相比,自适应控制的煮糖过程更稳定且...     

蒸发结晶系统传热传质规律的研究

工业蒸发结晶是一个复杂的多相传热与传质过程,其传热传质规律直接决定着晶体的成核和生长,并最终决定产品的粒度分布。根据双步结晶理论,对蒸发结晶的成核和生长动力学进行分析,建立了成核和生长的理论模型。该模型准确描述了蒸发结晶的生长规律,对其中参数的求取和分析可以确定结晶的控制步骤。研究以氯碱工业中烧碱提纯单元NaCl蒸发结晶为例,通过对模型参数的求取,分析NaCl蒸发结晶过程的控制步骤。结果显示,在高温和低流速下,NaCl结晶受扩散过程控制。从而以扩散控制理论为基础,建立了NaCl蒸发结晶的传质传热模型。综合考虑了温度、流速、过饱和度、晶体粒度对结晶粒度分布的影响规律,建立了涵盖各个参数的数学模型。结合粒数衡算,进行了模型计算,得到结晶粒度与操作参数的关系。模型计算结果与实际结果吻合良好,表明该模型可以很好地表示蒸发结晶过程中各操作参数对结晶粒度分布的影响规律。     

Rapid reductive degradation of azo dyes by a unique structure of amorphous alloys

An Fe-based amorphous alloy was found to significantly enhance the reductive degradation of an azo dye in aqueous solution. The surface-area normalized rate constant was up to 2.0 L m-2 min-1 at room temperature,an order of magnitude larger than any previously reported value. The activation energy of the degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation,and a much lower value than those previously reported was obtained. Valence band measurement indicated that a depressed valence band maximum and a widened empty band were established in the amorphous ribbon. The unique structure of the amorphous alloy is important-it may reduce the activation energy of the degradation process and enhance the activity of the electrons,thus accelerating the degradation process.