用磷石膏制备硫酸铵和氯化钙的研究

以磷石膏、碳酸氢铵和氨水为原料进行复分解反应制备硫酸铵 ,副产碳酸钙粗品。考察了影响氧化钙转化率的各种因素 ,通过正交试验确定了复分解反应的工艺条件 ;用盐酸处理碳酸钙粗品制备氯化钙 ,研究确定了工艺条件。磷石膏得到较好的处理和利用 ,研制的产品质量达到有关标准 ,应用前景广阔。     

甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯季铵盐与苯乙烯两亲共聚物的共聚活性

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯季胺盐(QASDMAEMA)-溴代乙烷(MAEB)、溴代丁烷(MABB)、硫酸二甲酯(MADMS)及磷酸三甲酯(MATMP)季胺盐和苯乙烯(St)为单体,采用溶液自由基共聚合方法,合成了一类新型阳离子两亲共聚物.用元素分析确定两亲共聚物的组成,详细地研究了两类单体的共聚活性,比较了Finemann-Ross法和线性化(YBR)法,并得出四对共聚单体(MAEB/St、MABB/St、MADMS/St及MATMP/St)的竞聚率,其分别为:rMABB=0.44, rSt=0.15; rMAEB=0.66, rSt=0.36; rMADMS=0.66, rSt=0.27; rMATMP=0.34, rSt=0.49.最后,用Price-Alfrey的Q-e关系式研究了单体的共轭性和极性因子.     

氯化十六烷基三甲基季铵盐减阻流体试验

通过对不同工况下氯化十六烷基三甲基季铵盐（Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium,Chloride,CTAC)减阻流体在二维流道中减阻性能的测量，分析了温度，浓度，配比变化对流体减阻性能的影响，同时使用相位多普勒测速仪测量了流体的速度场，利用信号处理中的相关方法分析了运动结构，结果表明，减阻流体在主流速度方向上存在较低频率的周期运动，而在垂直方向上的运动则是随机的，减阻流体的各向异性强于非减阻流体。     

木质素降解菌L1原生质体的形成和再生

从自然界筛选出一株降解木质素高的白腐真菌 L1,对其原生质体的形成和再生进行了研究。在 OS培养基中生长的菌丝体 ,原生质体数量较高。在液体培养条件下 ,于 OS培养基中培养 60 h的菌丝体 ,用 0 .3% β-巯基乙醇与酶液同时处理菌丝体 ,采用 p H5 .0的混合酶 (蜗牛酶∶纤维素酶∶溶菌酶的最佳浓度比为 5∶ 4∶ 1 ) ;在 30℃酶解 4h;用 0 .4mol/L NH4Cl,1 0 mmol/L Mg SO4作渗透压稳定剂时 ,原生质体数量达到 4.32× 1 0 5个 /mg。 OS双层再生培养基最适于原生质体再生     

文蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)凝集素(MML)的初步研究——Ⅰ.MML在文蛤体内的分布及纯化

在文蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)体内具有血球凝集活性的凝集素(简称MML),经实验证实仅分布于文蛤外套腔液中。向外套腔液中加入固体硫酸铵达40％时,可使99％的MML沉淀。用不同饱和度的硫酸铵溶液依次对上述沉淀进行抽提,得到MML粗制品溶液,其比活比原始外套腔液提高了约9.95倍,总活力回收达48％。最后用自制的人血浆糖蛋白一Sepharose 4 B亲合层析柱可将上述MML粗制品的比活再提高400多倍。结果与原始外套腔液比较,MML终产品的比活总共提高了4313倍,总活力回收达44.8％,在电泳鉴定时显示出单一的区带。     

化学反应速度和活化能测定的改进及微型化学实验研究

本文改进了著名的二硫酸铵与碘化钾反应动力学研究中反应速度的测定，并将测定改为微型化学实验技术，测定结果更为满意，相对误差小于3％。     

钼酸铵在Na_2O改性Al_2O_3载体上的热分解研究

本文利用热重分析（ＴＧ）和差热分析（ＤＴＡ）研究了Ｎａ_２Ｏ改性的Ａ１_２Ｏ_３担载的钼酸铵的热分解．实验发现，载体表面的酸碱性对钼酸铵分解的热效应有明显影响．Ｎａ_２Ｏ担载量低的样品在５７３～７７３Ｋ温度范围内有强放热效应；当Ｎａ_２Ｏ担载量适中时，放热效应随载体表面碱性的增强逐渐减弱；而Ｎａ_２Ｏ担载量高的样品则伴有吸热效应．本文还利用激光拉曼光谱（ＬＲＳ）对烘干和焙烧Ｍｏ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３样品分别进行了研究．     

壳聚糖季铵盐晶体的制备及其抑菌、柔软剂性能

采用异相法制备了水溶性的羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖 (HACC)晶体 ;测定了它对枯草芽孢杆菌等微生物生长的抑制效果 ;并研究了由HACC复配而成的微乳液在织物柔软处理中的应用性能。     

cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

Cloning and expressional analyses of a cinnamoyl CoA reductase cDNA from rice seedlings

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR: EC 1.2.1.44),the entry-point enzyme of the llgnin specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding dnnamaldehydes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced polypeptide shared 70% similarity and 30% sequence identity at the amino acid level with defined CCR genes from other plant species and they all contain the common signature sequences thought to be the catalytic site as well as the putative NADP binding domain.Using a conserved OsCCR cDNA fragment as the probe for library screening, we isolated the genomic DNA that covered the whole coding region of OsCCR with total length of 3045bp including 4 introns and 5 exons. The open reading frame for our OsCCR gene coBtAin~ 337 amino adds. Northern blot indicated that OsCCR was expressed in different organs with the highest level found in stems. In situ hybridization results showed that OsCCR mRNA was localized mainly along the vascular bundles in stems and leaves, and also in lateral roots that was differentiating from the tiilering node. We conclude that the vascular-localized expression of OsCCR gene may suggest its possible involvement in llgnin biosynthesis. Cloning and characterization of OsCCR will help to clarify how llgniflcations in plants are regulated and will provide a physical basis for creating genetically engineered rice plants with optimal lignin contents.