不同供氮水平的核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性

【目的】探讨核桃对缺氮胁迫的适应性及其机制。【方法】以核桃幼苗为研究对象,设置不同程度的缺氮处理:对照(CK)、中度缺氮(MN)和重度缺氮(SN),分析缺氮胁迫对核桃幼苗外部形态特征、生长情况及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】缺氮会使核桃幼苗失绿黄化,长势下降,地上部分和地下部分生物量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均显著低于对照,且总体随着缺氮程度加深和时间延长显著下降,尤其是处理后期(60~75 d)表现更明显;MN和SN处理下,核桃幼苗的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和光条件下PSⅡ天线转化效率(F_v'/F_m' )在前期(0~30 d)和后期(60~75 d)受影响较大,实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)随胁迫程度加深明显下降,反之非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)随胁迫程度加深而上升,且同样在处理后期(60~75 d)受影响较大;地上部分生物量与地下部分生物量、叶面积、根表面积、叶绿素a含量、F_v/F_m和ETR呈显著正相关,叶绿素a含量与叶面积、叶片厚度、F_v/F_m 和F_v'/F_m' 显著正相关。【结论】缺氮会抑制核桃幼苗对氮素的吸收和同化,阻碍根系生长,影响核桃幼苗对营养物质的吸收利用,导致植株矮小瘦弱、叶片变小、叶色变淡。在缺氮胁迫下,核桃光合色素含量下降也会造成叶绿体吸收光照的能力减弱,降低光合电子传递速率及对光能的利用效率,进而限制光合速率,影响植株生长。     

海洋胶体中的氮、磷和铁对微藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响

以海洋微藻(海水小球藻、亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻)为对象,利用错流超滤技术提取海洋胶体,分别以胶体为唯一的氮、磷和铁源,研究胶体及其有机碳(COC)浓度对微藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响.结果表明:以胶体为唯一氮源的体系,小球藻和金藻的脂肪酸与COC浓度之间无相关关系;低COC浓度下脂肪酸组分和含量多于高COC浓度下脂肪酸组分和含量.以胶体为唯一磷源的体系,3种微藻的脂肪酸各组分含量与COC浓度呈线性正相关;ccoc=0时脂肪酸组分最多,ccoc=238.4μmol/L时脂肪酸含量最高.以胶体为唯一铁源的体系,在COC浓度范围内(0～238.4μmol/L),各微藻脂肪酸含量与COC浓度呈线性正相关;ccoc=119.2～238.4μmol/L时,脂肪酸组分最多,含量最高.以胶体为唯一氮源体系培养的3种微藻的总不饱合脂肪酸含量最高,以胶体为唯一铁源体系培养的含量最小.     

高浓度氨氮废水处理技术

综述了几种高浓度氨氮废水处理技术,介绍了它们各自的优势和适用范围,报道了高氨氮废水处理的研究进展,指出了各种技术在今后研究中需要解决的问题.     

盐碱荒地滴灌施氮对甜菜干物质积累、氮代谢的影响

盐碱荒地膜下滴灌种植甜菜,冠／根比平衡点较常规灌提前１５天以上。收获时,随施氮量的增加块根干物质呈递增趋势。叶丛氮代谢有２个高峰：苗期（６月４日,主要）和块根糖分增长末期（８月２４日）;块根氮代谢的变化与叶丛相似。植株对氮吸收量与施氮量呈正相关（Ｒ＝０．９９６８）;高氮处理的甜菜生育后期地上部氮分配率仍较高,不利于块根增长和糖分积累,甜叶片硝酸还原活性总体上随生育进程而提高,至７月２８日左右达最大值,而后减弱,说明甜菜氮的吸收与同化以生育中前期为主,氮肥的分次施入应在块根增长初期完成。     

利用原油含氮化合物研究油气运移

利用卟唑类非烃化合物作为油气运移示踪剂,探讨了松辽盆地新站油田油藏可能的油源和成藏模式。对其原油中吡咯类化合物的丰度,异构体参数的绝对大小与相对变化的研究结果表明,该油田原油间运移分馏效应并不显著 ,新站油的油具有原地与近源性,由此推测邻摈今日 家－古龙凹陷为其主要的生油灶。根据对吡咯类化合物的分析,判断出油气注入点在大安北鼻状构造两条主要断裂间的隆起高部位,即英４１１及大４１５一带。油气主要通     

00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N高氮超级双相不锈钢的组织和性能

一种新型的资源节约型高氮超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N开发出来,氮质量分数达到0.5％.研究表明,经热锻和1 050 ℃固溶处理后,基体组织由铁素体和奥氏体组成,铁素体质量分数约为47％,氮质量分数的增加能明显提高材料的机械性能和腐蚀性能.通过对比研究表明,00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N的综合性能相当于或优于00Cr25Ni7Mo4N 超级双相不锈钢.     

不同方法测定污水中总氮总磷的比较研究

传统的总氮(TN)总磷(TP)检测方法为碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法,现针对目前国内总氮和总磷联合消解测定的试验条件差异较大的问题,通过对几种方法的比较,优化了总氮、总磷联合消解测定的试验条件,建立了一种准确、快速的分析方法。     

水绵处理富营养化景观水体的试验研究

提出了以水绵（spirogyra）处理富营养化景观水体,强化去除水中氮、磷等污染物的方法,以实际富营养化景观水体为对象,分析了水绵的除污染性能,在自然条件下,当水绵剂量（干重）为80mg/L时,经过20天处理,水的pH值上升至9.4,TP质量浓度降至0.48mg/L,去除效率达77.1%以上,TN质量浓度降至4.64mg/L,去除效率达85.4%,处理效率随水绵剂量的提高而增加。在利用水绵处理富营养水体的过程中,选择适当的水绵用量和处理时间,处理后的水体氮、磷含量可达到湖泊类景观环境用水的水质标准,同时降低了水体浊度,使水体中浮游藻类总生物量处于较低水平,改善了富营养化水体水质,有效减轻了水体富营养化的危害,可为处理富营养水体提供新的技术途径。     

Relations between the underground biomass and soil organic carbon and nitrogen of the alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

This article, by combining field investigation with laboratorial analysis, studies diverse alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the underground biomass dynamics, vertical distribution of the content of soil carbon and nitrogen, the connection between the biomass and the content of carbon and nitrogen. The studies show that underground biomass in the herb layer of upland meadow is more than that in the terrace meadow, while underground biomass in the upland shrubland is the most. The vertical distribution of underground biomass of each type is obvious as in shape of＂T＂. As to the distribution of the content of soil organic carbon in the three sample grounds, it showed that the deeper the soil the less the content of soil organic carbon. In May, unlike at terrace meadow, the underground biomass and the content of soil organic carbon in positive proportion, such revelation at upland meadow and upland shrubland is not apparent. In July, at upland meadow and terrace meadow the underground biomass and the content of soil total nitrogen in positive proportion, such revelation at upland shrubland is not apparent either.     

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen on the Yajiageng vertical belt,Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter（SOM） and total nitrogen（TN） were studied in different plant communities of the Yajiageng vertical belt in Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks. The results show： （1） the contents of SOM and TN of the plant communities gradually decreased with the following order： subalpine coniferous forest （3 027 m）, subalpine meadow （3 873 m）, coniferous broadleaved mixed forest（2 737 m）, subalpine shrub（3 565 m） and treeline（3 564 m）. （2） With soil profile depth increasing, the contents of SOM and TN gradually decreased. For different vegetation types, the contents of SOM and TN in sub-alpine coniferous forest were higher than that of other vegetational types. （3）The ratio of the content of carbon to the content of total nitrogen （Cc/CTN）WaS 13.5-27.6, which was relatively lower than the appropriate Cc/CTN of 25-30, and indicated that the soil in favor of the organic matter decomposed and nutrients released. Cc/CTN in the soil had no correlation with sea level altitude. However, its distribution in the soil x, aried with different vegetation types. （4） Nitrogen in SOM existed mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and Cc/CTN in the soil was not obvious correlated with SOM and TN.