Aminoglycoside antibiotics: old drugs and new therapeutic approaches

Aminoglycoside antibiotics kill bacteria by binding to the ribosomal decoding site and reducing fidelity of protein synthesis. Since the discovery of these natural products over 50 years ago, aminoglycosides have provided a mainstay of antibacterial therapy of serious Gram-negative infections. In recent years, aminoglycosides have become important tools to study molecular recognition of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In an ingenious exploitation of the aminoglycosides’ mechanism of action, it has been speculated that drug-induced readthrough of premature stop codons in mutated messenger RNAs might be used to treat patients suffering from certain heritable genetic disorders. Received 23 January 2007; received after revision 25 February 2007; accepted 29 March 2007     

铜绿假单胞菌耐药性与抗菌药物使用强度相关性分析

为了给临床合理使用抗菌药物提供科学依据,回顾性调查了医院2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日铜绿假单胞菌耐药率变化趋势及同一时间段抗菌药物年用量,计算使用频度,分析了抗菌药物使用强度与铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)耐药率的相关性.分析结果显示:铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、庆大霉...     

抗菌素对明亮发光杆菌A_2发光的影响

本文研究了八种抗菌素(四环素、红霉素、卡那霉素、多粘菌素B、头孢霉素、抗霉素A、杆菌肽和博莱霉素)对明亮发光杆菌A_2(photobocterium phosphoreum A_2)发光的影响。其中四环素、抗霉素A和杆菌肽在低浓度时刺激细菌发光,然后随着作用时间的延长而逐渐抑制发光;较高浓度时则完全抑制发光,未见刺激发光。其余五种抗菌素则均表现为抑制细菌发光。抑制发光的程度随时间和所用浓度的高低而呈一定的依存关系。实验结果表明,抗菌素对发光细菌的影响作用还是跟它们各自的作用机制有关。本文还讨论了细胞质膜在细菌发光中的作用和呼吸抑制剂对细菌发光的影响的作用机制。     

激素和抗菌素结合治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效

根据奶牛产后不同患病时期其生殖内分泌的机能状态,应用激素治疗途径人为调理下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴系与子宫的关系,增强病畜自我防卫能力,并与抗菌素相结合治疗73头子宫内膜炎奶牛。其中三合激素和土霉素结合治疗20头,治愈率为70％;雌激素、催产素和四环素结合治疗15头,治愈率为80％;雌激素和青、链霉素结合治疗21头,治愈率为76.19％;前列腺素和氯霉素结合治疗17头,治愈率为82.35％。     

Uninterrupted protein synthesis is essential for survival in the early stages of carbontetrachloride-induced hepatocellular necrosis in the mouse

Summary The fatal syndrome produced by cycloheximide given 6 h after a hepatonecrogenic dose of CCl₄ is due neither to direct toxic synergism between CCl₄ and cycloheximide nor to transient sinusoidal thrombosis. It is suggested that survival in the presence of unknown factors released from dying liver cells requires uninterrupted protein synthesis. The life-saving effect of sterilization of the intestine by antibiotics indicates that the gut flora or its products play a vital role in pathogenesis.Acknowledgments. I wish to thank Mr C. R. West for carrying out the statistical analysis, Mrs Brenda Brooks for histological processing, and Berk Pharmaceuticals Ltd for information on Ancrod defibrination in mice.     

基于含蒽荧光共聚物膜的四环素荧光光纤传感器

甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯与荧光单体甲基丙烯酸［９蒽］甲基酯共聚得一种含蒽荧光共聚物（ＰＡＭＢ）．基于四环素对ＰＡＭＢ膜荧光的可逆猝灭，研制了一种新的四环素荧光光纤传感器．传感器具有好的可逆性，重现性及选择性，在３０ｓ内对四环素的线性响应为２．０２×１０－７～２．０２×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．由于蒽被共价键合在ＰＡＭＢ上，传感器显示出好的长期稳定性．该传感器已被用于四环素药片和尿中四环素的直接测定．     

东海岛北寮高位虾池养殖过程细菌数量变化及其对抗生素的耐药性

采用平板计数法研究了湛江东海岛北寮村3个高位虾池养殖过程水体和沉积物的可培养细菌与弧菌(Vibrio)的数量变化,并利用纸片扩散法测定了分离自虾场环境细菌对12种抗生素的耐药性.结果表明,调查的养殖过程中,2个虾池水体细菌与弧菌数量变化呈单峰趋势,9月份达到峰值;虾池沉积物以及水源地中细菌与弧菌数量变化无明显的规律.BL1样池沉积物细菌和弧菌数均与氨氮呈显著正相关(p0.05),水中的弧菌数与硝酸盐氮呈显著正相关(p0.05);虾池细菌、弧菌数与多数调查的生态因子之间相关性不显著(p0.05).虾场环境细菌的抗生素耐药性测定结果显示,分离菌株对12种抗生素的耐药性差异显著(p0.05),细菌对氨苄青霉素耐药性最高,在对照水源地沉积物中高达80.65%,其次为先锋Ⅴ和甲氧苄胺嘧啶,而对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、多黏菌素B均敏感;样地水体和沉积物细菌对抗生素表现出相似的耐药性谱,两者的细菌耐药性呈显著正相关(p0.05);养殖虾池与对照水源地的细菌耐药性差异不显著(p0.05);对照水源地BL4沉积物中细菌耐药性显著高于水体(p0.05);3个样地细菌对抗生素均表现出较高的多重耐药性(MAR).     

抗菌肽的抗菌机制及其在医药中的应用前景

随着抗生素副作用的日益凸显,以及其被批准数量的逐年下降,研发功能相似且不易产生耐药性的其他活性物质迫在眉睫。抗菌肽具有广谱抗菌性、热稳定性,作用机理独特,既能起到体内抗病菌感染、促进癌细胞凋亡的作用,还可作为抗病毒化疗剂和医疗器械的抗菌材料。系统综述了抗菌肽的抗菌机制,及其在医药领域抑制抗耐药菌的产生、抗癌以及抗病毒感染的作用,阐明了抗菌肽存在的稳定性、溶血性及毒性等问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。指出今后可在以下方面对抗菌肽展开深入研究:1)结合体内抑菌机制进行研究,推动抗菌肽的开发应用;2)通过替换、修饰氨基酸残基,合成杂合肽,优化抗菌肽结构,提高其活性,降低毒副作用并预防耐药性的产生;3)利用抗菌肽传递系统或抗菌肽与绿色天然提取物联合作用,提高抗菌活性和生物利用度。     

用药的误区及其理论分析

使用药物是我们日常生活的一个重要部分。但是，人们对药物的使用普遍存在着误区，这些误区导致临床上产生许多药源性的疾病和不可逆的脏器损害。此文章通过对这些误区的分析，给人们正确、合理使用药物提供科学的理论依据。     

Marine indoles of novel substitution pattern from the acorn wormGlossobalanus sp.

Summary 4,6-Dibromoindole and 4,6-dibromo-2-methylindole have been isolated from the acorn wormGlossobalanus sp. The biosynthetic implications of this finding are discussed.We wish to thank Prof. Paul J. Scheuer, University of Hawaii for his encouragement and for use of his facilities during spectroscopic work. T.H. gratefully acknowledges the giving of a travel grant by the University of the Ryukyus Foundation for International Exchange.