基于厚向组织性能考量的7B50铝合金中厚板回归再时效热处理

为解决T6态高强铝合金强度高而耐蚀性难以满足使用需求,采用三级时效工艺来改善析出强化相特别是晶界析出相的形貌、尺寸、分布等,并通过研究不同回归处理制度对组织、性能的影响而获得适宜7B50铝合金中厚板的三级时效工艺.研究发现提高回归温度或延长回归时间均会使中厚板心部及表层组织的晶内和晶界析出相发生粗化并析出稳定η-MgZn2相,导致强度下降、电导率上升,其中回归温度对强度和电导率的影响显著.三级时效处理虽使晶内析出相尺寸有所增加,但却使T6态连续分布的晶界析出相呈断续分布,结合心部和表层强度及电导率测量结果认为合适的回归处理制度为165℃/6 h.然而,热轧引起中厚板表层较心部更为严重的变形使表层含有更多的亚晶或亚结构且其分布更均匀,从而使表层更快到达峰时效,进一步的回归再时效处理则使表层析出更多稳定η相,而η相的形成与晶内析出相的粗化长大是造成表层和心部强度差异的关键.虽然淬火/三级时效态表层和心部的晶粒结构存在差异,且局部出现亚晶合并长大,但其对强度的提升效果远低于表层析出稳定η相所引起的强度下降.可见,三级时效工艺并不能缓解7B50铝合金中厚板心部和表层的性能差异,但可使表层和心部的强度、电导率满足某实际工况要求.     

高铁三水铝土矿综合利用新工艺

通过对铝土矿进行X射线衍射分析和电镜分析,确定了原料的主要物相和形貌.采用低温硫酸焙烧法可以将铝、铁与硅进行有效的分离.实验考察不同条件对铝、铁提取率的影响,结果表明:焙烧温度在350℃,恒温时间60min,硫酸加入量为理论所需量的12倍时,铝、铁的提取率均可达到92%以上.采用黄钠铁矾法使焙烧熟料水溶出后所得滤液中的大部分铁沉淀,铁的沉淀率达90%以上,铝的沉淀率可控制在5%以内.     

On the direct use of recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum in the Chinese cable industry

The copper consumption by the Chinese cable industry amounted to 354 × 10^4 t in 2006, taking over 70 % of the total copper consumption in China in that year. At present, making copper rod directly from recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum have become topics of general interests in the Chinese cable industry. The quality of the copper conductors in the industry is declining, resulting in sharp decrease in the rate of qualified wire and cable products. More and more copper wires are drawn from the rods made directly from scrap copper. The manufacturers know well some of the wires or rods are unqualified products though, they continue to use or produce products not complying with standards in order to make profits. Now the consumption of copper-clad-aluminum and copper-clad-steel is growing gradually. In 2006, the consumption of copper-clad-aluminum in China amounted to ca. 5 × 10^4 t. But in some applications, neither the common understanding between buyer and supplier nor the results of feasibility study are achieved in the product orientation and technical/economic feasibility in terms of saving copper with aluminum. This paper presents the status-quo, problems arisen and suggestions in terms of making copper rod directly from recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum, in a view to promote these two topics of general interests to go toward a virtuous circle.     

回归处理工艺对7050铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测试、金相及透射电镜观察等手段,研究回归处理工艺对7050铝合金力学和晶间腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:T6态合金硬度和强度很高,但抗晶间腐蚀能力较弱;与T6态相比,合金经较低温度长时间回归并再时效后,强度和抗晶间腐蚀性能都得到改善;合金经120 ℃/20 h预时效 190 ℃/60 min回归 120 ℃/24 h再时效处理后,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和晶间腐蚀最大深度分别为593 MPa,571 MPa,10.5%和0.05 mm,具有最佳的综合性能;经190 ℃/60 min回归和再时效处理后,合金晶内组织与T6态的组织相似,晶界析出相粗大且不连续分布,因此,合金强度最高,抗晶间腐蚀能力最强.     

二段种分法制备氢氧化铝微粉的工艺

为了研究煤矸石酸法提取物硫酸铝的应用及氢氧化铝精细化生产过程,进行了二段种分法制备氢氧化铝微粉的工艺研究.用煤矸石酸法提取的硫酸铝和拜耳法精制的铝酸钠稀释后的溶液反应,生成的浆液经放置老化后即得活性晶种.用活性晶种进行铝酸钠溶液的一段种子分解和二段种子分解,制备氢氧化铝微粉.同时研究了制备过程中种子浆pH、分解温度、种...     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊模拟与实验研究

搅拌摩擦焊解决了7075铝合金难焊接问题,但焊接过程中复杂的温度、流场变化容易造成焊缝缺陷.本文利用FLUENT软件模拟研究了7075铝合金焊接过程温度场与流场的变化规律,并对模拟结果进行了验证.结果表明:前进侧焊接温度高于后退侧,但其材料流速低于后退侧,焊缝最高温度出现在轴肩边缘内侧.搅拌头转速越大,焊接速度越小,则...     

十二水硫酸铝铵的制备与表征

介绍了冷却结晶法制备NH4Al（SO4）2912H2O,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重-差热等手段对结晶物进行表征,并通过铁灵分光光度法、重量法和水杨酸分光光度法分别测定Al3＋、SO42-和NH4＋含量确定结晶物中NH4Al（SO4）2·12H2O的含量.     

论煤矿用通风机铝合金叶片的渗透探伤

通过对煤矿在用通风机铝合金叶片的渗透检测,可以发现通风机运行状态下难以发现的缺陷,避免了由于叶片缺陷导致的通风机故障对煤矿产生不良影响。在保证煤矿安全生产方面起到了积极的作用。     

镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织与性能的影响

研究了镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明：与未加镁的合金相比,加入0.015%Mg,合金挤压态的抗拉强度从366 MPa提高到467 MPa、布氏硬度从HB91提高到HB114,伸长率从43.6%降低到27%;在320 ℃×2 h固溶处理水淬室温自然时效状态下,合金的抗拉强度从389 MPa提高到488 MPa,布氏硬度从HB107提高到HB139,伸长率从41%降低到28.3%;镁元素影响过饱和β相转变和分解产物形态,能阻碍合金的共析分解和室温时效脱溶析出。