稀土Ho对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

[目的]为了提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的综合性能,研究了稀土钬(Ho)对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。[方法]采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察、能谱仪和拉伸试验等方法对稀土钬(Ho)改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。[结果]加入Ho能够细化基体组织、净化晶界,使呈网状连续分布的晶界变为断续的岛状和鱼骨状;当稀土Ho的含量为0.5%时,晶粒达到最小最细状态,且合金熔铸缺陷明显减少,合金的抗拉强度为244 MPa,伸长率为2.92%,韧性达到最大值;随着Ho含量的增加,合金中生成了一种新相Al_3Ho,该相较软,析出在晶界,从而降低了合金的硬度。[结论]加入适量稀土元素Ho可以有效细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的组织,显著提高合金的塑性及韧性,但硬度下降。     

On the direct use of recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum in the Chinese cable industry

The copper consumption by the Chinese cable industry amounted to 354 × 10^4 t in 2006, taking over 70 % of the total copper consumption in China in that year. At present, making copper rod directly from recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum have become topics of general interests in the Chinese cable industry. The quality of the copper conductors in the industry is declining, resulting in sharp decrease in the rate of qualified wire and cable products. More and more copper wires are drawn from the rods made directly from scrap copper. The manufacturers know well some of the wires or rods are unqualified products though, they continue to use or produce products not complying with standards in order to make profits. Now the consumption of copper-clad-aluminum and copper-clad-steel is growing gradually. In 2006, the consumption of copper-clad-aluminum in China amounted to ca. 5 × 10^4 t. But in some applications, neither the common understanding between buyer and supplier nor the results of feasibility study are achieved in the product orientation and technical/economic feasibility in terms of saving copper with aluminum. This paper presents the status-quo, problems arisen and suggestions in terms of making copper rod directly from recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum, in a view to promote these two topics of general interests to go toward a virtuous circle.     

石油焦煅烧程度对铝用炭阳极显微结构及电解消耗的影响

以不同煅烧程度石油焦为骨料,煤沥青为黏结剂制备铝用低煅焦炭阳极.通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和图像分析方法对炭阳极孔隙结构进行分析表征,并考察阳极反应性和电解消耗性能.在煅后焦微晶尺寸1.7~2.7 nm范围内降低石油焦煅烧程度,炭阳极小孔隙逐渐沿骨料-黏结剂界面演变为裂纹状大孔隙,炭阳极孔隙率、形状因子及连通率均先减小后增大,视孔隙比表面积呈减小趋势.煅后焦微晶尺寸降低至1.9 nm较为适宜,对应的炭阳极空气和CO2反应质量损失率最少为9.6%和3.0%,每吨铝阳极碳耗为355.4 kg.低煅焦炭阳极过量消耗机制从以黏结剂选择性消耗转变为骨料与黏结剂共同消耗,使碳渣量减少.     

铝合金直接氧化形成SiC/Al_2O_3/Al复合材料的微观结构

采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜及金相显微镜对铝合金直接氧化渗入SiC预制体形成的SiC/Al2 O3/Al复合材料进行了分析 ,发现该材料由α Al2 O3、SiC、Al4 O4 C、Al和Si五相组成 .α Al2 O3为骨架相 ,三维连通 ,其晶界纯净 ,Al、Si以包裹相形式出现在α Al2 O3晶粒中 ;SiC相也是主要相 ,呈孤岛状 ;Al4 O4 C相的出现 ,说明在该材料的生长过程中 ,SiC颗粒与Al和O2 发生了反应 .     

Influence of ECAP on the fatigue behavior of age-hardenable 2xxx aluminum alloy

The fatigue behavior under load control and the mechanical properties of commercial 2011 aluminum as an age-hardenable Al alloy was studied. To estimate the effects of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process, solution heat treatments, and aging on the fatigue life, tests were conducted at four different stages:furnace cooling; furnace cooling plus one ECAP pass; solid solution heat treatment, quenching, one ECAP pass plus aging at peak age level; and the T6 condition. Only one pass was possible at room temperature because of the high strength of the material. The fracture surface morphology and microstructure after fatigue were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that the optimum fatigue life under load control, the tensile strength, and the Vickers hardness of the material were interdependent. The optimum fatigue life under load control was achieved by increasing the tensile strength and hardness of the material.     

废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒对水泥浆和砂浆抗裂性能的影响

通过圆环开裂试验和弯曲试验探讨了不同体积分数的废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒掺入水泥浆和砂浆后对抗裂和变形性能的影响．研究结果表明，在水泥净浆中掺入废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒，可延迟圆环试件的开裂时间，提高抗裂性，延迟时间的长短与橡胶颗粒的掺量有关，当橡胶颗粒的体积分数在20％～50％时，延迟效果最为显著；在砂浆试件中掺入橡胶颗粒，可显著改善其弯曲变形性能，试件破坏形式为延性破坏，破坏时的极限变形值比基准试件大得多，并且随着橡胶颗粒体积分数的增加而迅速增大．     

负载型纳米TiO2/Al光催化降解丙酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为原料在酸浸蚀的A l片上制备了纳米级的TiO2薄膜光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM等技术对薄膜进行表征.研究了在紫外光照射下,负载型TiO2/A l催化剂对丙酮的光催化降解行为.表明,将TiO2制备成负载型纳米TiO2/A l薄膜,可有效地抑制TiO2在高温下由锐钛矿相到金红石相的转变,提高了TiO2的光催化活性.     

聚合双酸铝铁-次氯酸钙联用处理淀粉废水的研究

采用聚合双酸铝铁和次氯酸钙联用处理玉米淀粉废水,研究了聚合双酸铝铁投加量、次氯酸钙投加量、pH值及温度对废水处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,当聚合双酸铝铁投加量为0.6 g/L,次氯酸钙投加量为6 g/L,搅拌后静置120 min,水样COD去除率为74.55%,处理后水样清澈透明,pH值6～7.     

铝对流化催化裂化催化剂的钝镍机理

以Ａｌ为钝镍组分,利用ＣＨＺ－２平衡催化裂化催化剂考察了不同原子比（钝化剂原子／重金属原子）对钝镍效果的影响。同时采用Ｘ光衍射（ＸＲＤ）物相检测、程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ）等实验方法研究了Ａｌ的钝镍机理。结果表明,在适当的原子比和一定的条件下,Ａｌ有一定的钝镍效果,其机理是沉积在催化剂上的ＮｉＯ与活性氧化铝生成镍铝尖晶石（ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４）结构的稳定化合物,使镍处于高价态的Ｎｉ２＋而难以被还原成低价态的Ｎｉ＋和Ｎｉ０,从而减少了镍的脱氢活性,降低了催化剂上的积炭量。     

ARB工艺下Al/Zn多层复合材料界面变化的研究

累积复合轧制（Accumulative Roll-Bonding,ARB）工艺作为一种大塑性变形工艺,近期在制备金属基多层复合材料方面受到关注.通过ARB工艺制备Al/Zn多层复合材料,重点观察Al/Zn多层复合材料界面间的变化规律.在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下,可以明显地观察到在Al/Zn界面处扩散层的存在,说明在ARB工艺状态下,不同层之间存在扩散作用,但是X射线衍射（XRD）结果无法分辨材料内部结构.通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察第3周期ARB态Al/Zn多层复合材料截面,可以看到,在Al/Zn多层复合材料层间,存在4种形貌的组织,参考Al-Zn合金的时效析出过程可知,在ARB工艺过程中,Al过固溶体存在连续脱溶和非连续脱溶两种路径,其脱溶路径的不同主要与扩散到Al基体中的Zn浓度有关.