Dielectric properties of spark plasma sintered AlN/SiC composite ceramics

In this study, we have investigated how the dielectric loss tangent and permittivity of AlN ceramics are affected by factors such as powder mixing methods, milling time, sintering temperature, and the addition of a second conductive phase. All ceramic samples were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) under a pressure of 30 MPa. AlN composite ceramics sintered with 30wt%–40wt% SiC at 1600℃ for 5 min exhibited the best dielectric loss tangent, which is greater than 0.3. In addition to AlN and β-SiC, the samples also contained 2H-SiC and Fe₅Si₃, as detected by X-ray difraction (XRD). The relative densities of the sintered ceramics were higher than 93%. Experimental results indicate that nano-SiC has a strong capability of absorbing electromagnetic waves. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of AlN-SiC ceramics with the same content of SiC decreased as the frequency of electromagnetic waves increased from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

原位合成TiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其磨损性能

利用原位合成的方法在几种锻铝基体中合成了TiC颗粒.X射线衍射谱表明,在复合材料的显微组织中TiC是惟一反应生成物.与基体材料相比,引入TiC后材料的耐磨性能有很大幅度的提高,且磨损性能与基体材料的强度之间没有必然的联系.对磨损试样表面的sEM观察显示,在磨损过程中TiC颗粒凸起于基体,在表面起支撑载荷的作用,同时使摩擦副(滚轮)与基体表面之间形成一个储存润滑油的间隙,从而改善了磨损过程中的润滑条件,减小了试样的磨损量.     

铝电解TiB2/C复合阴极用煤沥青的无机改性

采用无机粒子改性法在200℃下对煤沥青进行改性,分析无机粒子(Al2O3粒子或TiB2粒子)对改性煤沥青结构与性能以及改性沥青基TiB2/C复合阴极性能的影响。研究结果表明:改性煤沥青的结焦值和软化点比未改性煤沥青均有较大提高。无机粒子的添加进一步提高改性煤沥青的结焦能力,但降低改性煤沥青的软化点,与对比改性煤沥青相比,Al2O3粒子和TiB2粒子改性煤沥青的软化点分别降低4.5℃和2.0℃,结焦值分别提高4.85%和5.35%。经过1 000℃炭化,其残炭率相对于对比试样分别增加3.01%和5.87%。与对比复合阴极相比,Al2O3粒子和TiB2粒子改性煤沥青基复合阴极的密度分别增大0.45%和1.79%,开孔率分别降低5.08%和5.78%,电阻率从52.93μΩ·m分别降低到48.86μΩ·m和49.95μΩ·m,抗压强度从24.21 MPa分别增加到28.78 MPa和28.06 MPa,电解膨胀率分别降低0.10%和0.16%。无机改性粒子均匀地分布于粘结剂煤沥青炭中。     

铝熔炼炉炉衬组合的优化模拟

为了减少炉衬的热损失和节约投资成本,针对铝熔铸行业广泛使用的反射式铝熔炼炉,以三层平壁炉衬结构为研究对象,计算分析隔热方式对炉衬传热影响.以经济厚度法为依据,推导出炉衬的经济厚度计算公式,并通过编程实现炉衬组合的计算机优化.同时以蓄热式铝熔炼炉热平衡测试为例,建立铝熔炼炉数学模型,运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对炉窑工作制度为40周的优化前后的炉衬组合进行仿真.结果表明:炉衬组合的计算机优化结果可获得比较理想的经济效益:炉墙采用40 mm黏土质浇注料+300mm硅藻土砖+120mm硅酸铝纤维毡;炉顶采用220 mm普通耐火混凝土+150mm黏土质浇注料+80mm硅酸铝纤维毡;炉底采用200 mm高铝质浇注料+300mm硅藻土砖+50mm黏土质浇注料.     

淬火转移时间对1933铝合金拉伸性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响

通过常温拉伸性能测试、晶间和剥落腐蚀试验、光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜研究淬火转移时间(5～90 s)对1933铝合金锻件拉伸性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响.研究结果表明:随着淬火转移时间延长,合金的拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能均降低;当转移时间增加至90 s时,抗拉强度下降7.5％,屈服强度下降9％,伸长率下降约20％,腐蚀深度增加400％.淬火转移时间过长导致晶粒内部析出粗大的平衡η相,降低了时效强化效果;晶界无沉淀析出带宽化,降低了伸长率和耐腐蚀性能.为获得良好的综合性能,转移时应使该合金产品淬火时的温度不低于约366℃.     

二段种分法制备氢氧化铝微粉的工艺

为了研究煤矸石酸法提取物硫酸铝的应用及氢氧化铝精细化生产过程,进行了二段种分法制备氢氧化铝微粉的工艺研究.用煤矸石酸法提取的硫酸铝和拜耳法精制的铝酸钠稀释后的溶液反应,生成的浆液经放置老化后即得活性晶种.用活性晶种进行铝酸钠溶液的一段种子分解和二段种子分解,制备氢氧化铝微粉.同时研究了制备过程中种子浆pH、分解温度、种子比值、分解时间、铝酸钠溶液α_k及铝酸钠溶液质量浓度对分解率、氢氧化铝微粉颗粒粒度的影响.结果表明,煤矸石提取物硫酸铝做晶种引发剂,在一定的工艺条件下可制得白度大于99%、Fe₂O₃质量分数小于0.006%、SiO₂质量分数小于0.05%、吸油值小于0.70 mL/g、粒度在0.5~6 μm的氢氧化铝微粉.     

Y3Al5O12基质中Dy3+的浓度猝灭机制

采用溶胶-凝胶/燃烧合成法制备不同掺杂浓度的Dy:Y3Al5O12(YAG)发光粉体。分析基质晶体结构、Dy3+掺量对Dy3+光致发光性能的影响,并探讨Dy3+在Y3Al5O12基质中的自身浓度猝灭机制。根据激发光谱,Dy:YAG的主激发峰位置在353 nm,对应Dy3+的6H15/2→6P7/2跃迁。在Dy:YAG晶体结构中,Dy3+取代Y3+的位置具有D2对称性,故Dy:YAG的蓝光发射强度要高于黄光发射强度,且Dy3+最佳摩尔分数为0.02;Dy3+的4F9/2→6H15/2、6H13/2跃迁发射的浓度猝灭机制均为相邻中心的电偶极-电偶极相互作用引起的交叉弛豫(4F9/2+6H15/2→6H9/2+6F3/2)所造成的。     

粉末碳与污泥回流强化混凝低温低浊水及残余铝

研究了粉末活性碳与聚铝混合污泥回流强化混凝对浊度、UV254和DOC去除效能;同时考察了回流对各种形态铝质量浓度的影响.结果表明,当聚合氯化铝和粉末炭的投加量分别为10、20 mg/L,粉末活性炭-聚铝混合污泥回流量为60 mL/L(回流比6%),pH值为8时,浊度去除率最大为78.5%;pH值为6.5～7.0时,DOC和UV254的最大去除率分别达29.6%和53.3%.回流工艺能强化去除浊度和有机物主要是由于回流污泥中不溶性金属氢氧化物的架桥和卷扫作用,以及回流污泥中和预投加PAC最大限度的吸附作用.回流污泥中的Al主要以颗粒形式粘附于絮体上,回流沉后水总余铝质量浓度高于常规工艺,但溶解态铝质量浓度均满足GB2006-2597生活饮用水卫生标准(<0.2mg/L).     

基于LabWindows/CVI的铝合金脉冲MIG焊数据采集系统设计

利用虚拟仪器技术设计铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程声、光、电和视频信号的实时采集系统,并给出该采集系统的硬件构成原理和使用虚拟仪器设计软件LabWindows/CVI的程序设计原理.试验表明,该采集系统能够正确稳定地采集铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程中的各种特征信号,并能够实现数据实时显示和存储,可以满足焊接过程实时检测.