基于J-C本构模型的2A12铝合金高速铣削特性研究

针对高速切削过程中切削参数选取优化问题,基于ABAQUS软件建立硬质合金刀具高速切削2A12铝合金有限元模型,通过仿真方法分析切削参数和刀具参数对切削力的影响,并进行铣削实验对仿真结果进行对比.误差在17%以内,验证了仿真模型的可用性.为高速铣削铝合金工件过程中,选择合理刀具几何参数与切削参数提供了理论依据.     

直接使用半固态等温热处理法将工业冷轧ZL104铝合金制备成半固态坯

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process temperature increased. The SF of the grain also increased with increasing processing time, and the AGS was augmented when the processing time was prolonged from 5 to 20 min at 570°C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy decreased because of the increase in AGS with increasing temperature and processing time. The optimal temperature and time for the preparation of semi-solid ZL104 aluminum alloys were 570°C and 5 min, respectively. Under optimal process parameters, the AGS, SF, and hardness of the resulting alloy were 35.88 μm, 0.81, and 55.24 MPa, respectively. The Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner relationship was analyzed to determine the coarsening rate constant at 570°C, and a rate constant of 1357.2 μm3/s was obtained.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

焊接工艺对6005A-T6铝合金焊接接头晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用激光填丝焊（laser wire filler welding,LFW）、冷金属过渡（cold metal transfer,CMT）焊和熔化极惰性气体保护（melt inert-gas,MIG）焊方法对6005A-T6铝合金板材进行焊接,研究不同焊接方法得到的焊接件的接头处、焊缝区、热影响区的抗晶间腐蚀能力。研究结果表明：在相同晶间腐蚀环境下,LFW接头处较CMT焊、MIG焊接头处的抗晶间腐蚀能力强;CMT焊焊缝区较MIG焊焊缝区的抗晶间腐蚀能力强,但热影响区抗晶间腐蚀的能力相反;3种接头各自热影响区的抗晶间腐蚀能力均弱于各自焊接接头处和焊缝区的抗晶间腐蚀能力。     

加工工艺对散热器用铝合金翅片钎焊熔蚀性能的影响

散热器上的铝合金翅片在钎焊后产生较为严重的熔蚀,经检测分析发现翅片局部存在贯穿熔蚀。采用连续铸轧工艺生产的铝合金坯料,经冷轧1道次后在厚度为4.200 mm处进行高温中间退火,再经冷轧、二次中间退火、冷精轧轧制至厚度为0.070 mm,制备出状态为H16的翅片材料。该材料在钎焊后平均熔蚀深度小,未发现局部贯穿熔蚀现象。研究表明,对于铝合金翅片材料的熔蚀性能来说,钎焊后晶粒尺寸并非越大越好,也非越小越好,而是在厚度方向上的层数为2～3层、尺寸为100～400 μm时,钎焊过程中能更全面更有效地阻碍Si的扩散,避免局部贯穿熔蚀和全面熔蚀发生,耐熔蚀性能最优。     

深冷处理对5A06铝合金FSW接头组织和力学性能的影响

为了避免铝合金焊接接头软化,提升接头力学性能,采用FSW对5A06铝合金进行对接试验,在转速为1 200 r/min、焊速为150 mm/min的条件下,将焊接接头加工成一定尺寸的金相试样和拉伸试样,研究深冷处理时间对5A06铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响规律,采用显微组织观察试验、显微硬度试验和拉伸试验等方法,对接头组织和力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明：深冷处理具有细化晶粒、促进析出相析出的作用,提高了接头力学性能;经过12 h深冷处理后,接头的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到385.3 MPa和17.2%,与未经深冷处理的接头相比,分别提高了7.4%和23.7%。因此,深冷处理可以有效提升铝合金焊接接头的力学性能,为其更广泛的应用提供了理论基础和技术参考。     

铝含量和退火温度对锆铝合金组织性能的影响

为丰富空间结构材料种类,扩大Zr合金的应用范围,利用非自耗电弧炉熔炼了Al含量分别为2%,3%和4%（质量分数）的Zr-Al二元合金,在真空管式炉内分别进行750 ℃和800 ℃保温4 h的退火处理,借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析合金的微观组织和断口形貌,并进行硬度测定和拉伸试验。结果表明：经750 ℃保温4 h退火处理后,Zr-4Al合金的铸态组织由α-Zr和Zr₂Al转变为α-Zr和塑性更好的Zr₃Al相;在相同热处理条件下,随着Al含量的增加,合金的硬度及抗拉强度升高,延伸率下降;当Al含量相同时,随着热处理温度的升高,合金硬度、抗拉强度及延伸率下降。因此,采用向Zr中添加适量Al元素并辅之热处理的方法,可制备一种新型的Zr-Al合金,为开发新型空间结构材料提供了一种新思路。     

水分促使抛光铝粉热自燃临界温度和诱导时间

采用等温与非等温C80微量热试验及Semenov和Frank-Kamenetskii 热自燃理论对水分促使抛光铝粉热自燃的临界温度和各阶段诱导时间进行了研究.结果表明,Al₂O₃-H₂O与Al-H₂O反应均遵循Arrhenius动力学机制,反应活化能分别为61.7和 138.6kJ·mol^-1;堆积铝粉热自燃诱导时间由两阶段组成,第一阶段为氧化铝薄膜水解时间,第二阶段为铝-水反应放热系统由环境温度达到不返还温度T_○NR的时间,该时间取决于铝粉堆积状态和堆积质量.当环境温度为25℃时,第一阶段诱导时间为155.6h;当25kg铝粉以圆柱形集尘桶状态堆积时,相同环境温度下第二阶段诱导时间为0.7h,铝粉自燃临界温度为24.9℃,铝粉具有热自燃危险性,且诱导时间随堆积质量增加而延长.     

半固态触变力的上限解

采用上界理论解法,求解半固态A356铝合金触变成形力·假定变形体为质点连续分布的刚塑性材料,设定连续函数速度场,将变形区分为圆盘和圆环两个塑性区、一个圆环刚性区等三个区,计算结果表明,触变成形力为82298kN,与实测结果在误差允许范围内拟合良好;变形力与变形区的尺寸有很大关系,当侧壁及下部圆盘愈厚时,变形力愈小;反之,变形力愈大