基于氮磷废水处理的沸石多孔吸附材料制备

以改性沸石粉体为原料,采用添加黏结剂和造孔剂方法制备多孔颗粒沸石,重点研究了黏结剂种类、用量、造孔剂种类和用量,水添加量等对颗粒沸石散失率及吸附氨氮、磷酸盐性能的影响.结果表明:聚乙烯醇(PVA)黏结效果优于水泥和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC),造孔剂碳酸氢钠相比较活性炭效果更佳.扫描电镜(SEM)结果发现添加碳酸氢钠后,颗粒沸石孔径增大,孔隙结构得到明显改善.在改性沸石粉体中添加1.2%PVA、4%碳酸氢钠、40%水制备所得颗粒型沸石散失率为0,且具有较高氮磷吸附性能,对水中氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率高达88.55%和83.11%.吸附动力学实验表明,多孔颗粒型沸石对氮磷的吸附更加符合拟二级动力学模型.     

6061铝合金挤压型材性能影响因素分析

针对实际生产中T6状态下6061铝合金挤压型材性能不合格的现象,研究了成分、组织与固溶制度对其性能的影响规律。结果表明,影响6061铝合金挤压型材性能的因素主要是元素配比及合金固溶程度。当合金中Mg过剩时,虽能提高型材抗蚀性,但强度及塑性也随之下降。当固溶温度为510℃,随着固溶时间的延长,第二相在基体中的溶解度升高;当固溶时间为45 min时,随着固溶体温度的升高,力学性能呈现上升趋势,当固溶温度达到480℃时,合金强度明显提高。当固溶时间为45 min,随着固溶温度的提高,T6状态下6061铝合金挤压型材的强度总体呈现逐渐提高的趋势,而伸长率和电导率变化不明显.     

高温高压下合成立方氮化硼的方法

研究温度，压力和升压速率对使用催化剂合成琥珀色立方氮化硼的影响，结果表明，在本实验条件下，合成立方氮化硼所用的温度，压力都低于合成金刚石的值；减慢超压速度有利于改善立方氮化硼的合成效果。     

反应气压对氢化非晶氮化硅薄膜的发光特性影响

采用螺旋波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(HWP-CVD)技术制备了氢化非晶氮化硅(a-SiNx:H)薄膜,利用光致发光谱(PL)和傅里叶红外吸收谱(FTIR)研究了不同气压条件下所形成薄膜的发光特性.结果表明,在较高气压条件下,所沉积薄膜的发光峰位在2.5 eV附近;减小气压使薄膜的沉积速率下降,其内部原子微观结构发生变化,薄膜的发光峰位在3.05 eV处,其半高宽为1.48 eV.     

微弧氧化锻铝表面形成陶瓷膜的工艺研究

用自行研制的微弧氧化电源在锻铝表面生成了氧化物陶瓷膜.观察了膜层表面形貌,测试了表面硬度,探讨了微弧放电对陶瓷膜和基体性能组织的影响.结果表明：锻铝表面的陶瓷膜随氧化时间的延长而增厚,但随氧化时间的继续增加膜层不再增厚;陶瓷膜的表面硬度是基体硬度的10倍以上,大大提高了材料表面的耐磨、耐蚀特性.     

羟基单体对丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其乳胶粉性能的影响

通过添加功能单体甲基丙烯酸－β－羟丙酯（HPMA）和甲基丙烯酸（MAA）制备软核硬壳的丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉。重点讨论羟基单体HPMA用量对软核硬壳丙烯酸酯乳液和乳胶粉再分散液的成膜性、再分散稳定性和耐水性等性能的影响。实验结果表明,HPMA添加量为1.2%左右时,在保证再分散稳定性的同时,制备得到的丙烯酸酯原乳液和可再分散乳胶粉的成膜性好,耐水性达到最优;吸光度测试显示HPMA添加量小于等于1.2%时,乳胶粉再分散稳定性好,分散度高达90%,吸光度平均变化小于10%;差示扫描量热（DSC）测试显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶膜有6 ℃和30 ℃两个玻璃化转变温度（Tg）,乳胶粒子具有软核硬壳结构;扫描光学显微镜（SEM）测试显示原乳液和乳胶粉再分散液成膜性能优异,合成的原乳液在成膜的过程中发生了微相分离,进一步说明合成的乳液具有软核硬壳结构;傅立叶转换红外线光谱（FTIR）显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳胶粉与原乳液红外谱图基本吻合,说明在一定的干燥条件下,喷雾干燥前后乳胶粒的化学结构不发生明显的变化。     

321不锈钢小方坯浸入式水口堵塞研究

通过观测水口结瘤物的结构和成分的变化,对AISI 321不锈钢小方坯浸入式水口的堵塞机理进行了研究。水口的解剖结果表明水口结瘤物主要由TiN、金属相以及渣相组成。通过计算建立了钢液及凝固过程中TiN的热力学模型。研究发现,TiO2过渡层的存在、较高的钛氮浓度积、不佳的钢水洁净度是导致结瘤物形成的主要原因。因此堵塞机理可以表述为,首先浇注过程中钢液中的[ Ti]与耐火材料中的SiO2进行反应,TiO2过渡层会在浸入式水口内壁形成;钛氧化物的良好传热性能造成钢液温度下降进而导致TiN结瘤物的形成,且不佳的钢水洁净度则会进一步恶化钢水的可浇性;随着结瘤物的不断增长,最终导致水口堵塞。     

Effects of HNO3 concentration on the pit morphologies of aluminum foil etched in HNO3–HCl and HNO3–H2SO4–HCl solutions

In this work, the effects of HNO₃ concentration on the pit morphologies of high-cubic-texture aluminum foil etched in HNO₃–HCl and HNO₃–H₂SO₄–HCl solutions were investigated. When the aluminum foil was etched in HNO₃–HCl solutions, the morphologies of pits transformed from irregular tunnels to typical tunnels (as inverted pyramids) and shallow cuboids as the HNO₃ concentration in the etchant solution was increased. However, as the HCl concentration in the etchant solution was increased, the morphologies of pits transformed from shallow cuboids to typical tunnels (as inverted pyramids) and irregular tunnels. When the aluminum foil was etched in n N HNO₃–(7.2?n) N H₂SO₄–0.8 N HCl solutions, the morphologies of the pits transformed from typical tunnels (i.e., the number of sub-tunnels formed on the main tunnels increased) to irregular tunnels (corrugated tunnels and polyline tunnels) as the HNO₃ concentration in the etchant solution was increased. These effects are attributed primarily to corrosion on the (100) and (010) faces of pits being accelerated and to the (001) faces being prone to passivation to different degrees when various concentrations of HNO₃ are added to the etchant solutions.     

聚焦光束粉末堆焊层的凝固组织形貌及其形成机理

研制了由光束发生器、聚焦系统、旋转气流送粉器、工作台组成的聚焦光束堆焊系统。堆焊层中凝固组织形态以及树枝晶生长方向取决于熔池凝固过程中的传热过程。45钢表面的Ni基合金堆焊层的微观组织呈现树枝晶形态,树枝晶沿堆焊方向前倾生长,堆焊层金属与母材金属间形成平面晶带,平面晶带依附于母材半熔化区联生结晶长大。     

Elements inter-diffusion in the turning of wear-resistance aluminum bronze

Inter-diffusion of elements between the tool and the workpiece during the turning of aluminum bronze using high-speed steel and cemented carbide tools have been studied. The tool wear samples were prepared by using M2 high-speed steel and YW1 cemented carbide tools to turn a novel high strength, wear-resistance aluminum bronze without coolant and lubricant. Adhesion of workpiece materials was found on all tools' surface. The diffusion couples made of tool materials and aluminum bronze were prepared to simulate the inter-diffusion during the machining. The results obtained from tool wear samples were compared with those obtained from diffusion couples. Strong inter-diffusion between the tool materials and the aluminum bronze was observed in all samples. It is concluded that diffusion plays a significant role in the tool wear mechanism.