高铝熔渣物相析出演变规律研究

以改善高铝渣浸出性能为目标,采用DSC实验和SEM-EDS检测方法,研究了高铝渣控温冷却过程中物相析出规律,考察了降温速率、n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃)和MgO含量对铝酸钙渣物相析出演变规律的影响.结果表明:当降温速率加快时,熔渣凝固过程趋于更大程度的偏析,C₂S相变愈不充分,粒度粗化,劣化了自粉行为和浸出条件;随着调高渣中n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃),C₁₂A₇的析出温度升高,物相析出活性按照CA→C₁₂A₇→C₃A逐渐增强;当渣中含有MgO时,物相中出现C₂MS₂,不利于C₂S物相转变,更为重要的是MgO富集在含铝物相中形成Q相,显著恶化氧化铝浸出率和收得率.     

Spawning behaviour of Engystomops pustulatus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Foam nests have evolved independently in several amphibian groups as an adaptive response to prevent predation and desiccation in dry environments. Nests are normally laid on ponds, or in underground galleries, humid forest leaf litter or terrestrial bromeliads. They are built when males or females beat a foam precursor associated with the egg masses extruded by the female. The spawning process requires the synchronic actions of the mating pair to obtain a hemispheric nest that protects the offspring. Herein, we describe the spawning behaviour of Engystomops pustulatus based on videos from 13 nesting couples from the lowlands of western Ecuador. Three variables were measured as indicators of male effort: duration of mixing events, duration of resting periods, and number of kicks per mixing event. We consider that not only male physical effort but also female behaviour influences nest structure. We suggest that nest building requires prolonged and intense physical activity by the male as well as the female’s steady position during spawning and female’s oviposition site selection. Nest building has two phases. In the first phase, the duration of resting periods, the duration of mixing events, and the number of kicks increase and are highly variable. During the second phase the three variables stabilise until the end. The volume of the nest increased mainly during the second phase. In four nesting events we observed kicking movements by the female. To our knowledge, this is the first time that female kicking has been observed in leptodactylid frogs. The function of this behaviour is unknown but our observations suggest that it may be triggered by insufficient male effort. Traditionally, female mate choice in Engystomops has been explained under models of indirect benefits exclusively. We argue that the prolonged male activity during nesting could influence female fitness directly. This will allow the operation of sexual selection via direct benefits.     

泡桐木夹层梁的弯曲疲劳试验

对采用真空导入工艺的泡桐木夹层梁进行4点弯曲疲劳试验,研究发现泡桐木夹层梁的破坏形式主要有界面的脱黏、芯材的剪切破坏、面板分层等。试验过程中采集试件的S-N曲线,采用3种寿命预测公式对其进行线性拟合,得到该泡桐木夹层梁的寿命预测公式。基于S-N曲线在实际工程中的应用,引入失效率的概念,采用双参数的Weibull函数分布,对不同应力等级下的失效率进行研究,从而得到泡桐木夹层梁P-S-N曲线。     

Flame spread over the surface of thermal insulation materials in different environments

Experiments were conducted in a plateau area in Lhasa and a plain area in Hefei China to investigate the flame spread characteristics on thermal insulation materials under different environmental conditions (pressure and oxygen concentration).Molded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) samples were placed horizontally on a small-scale flame spread experimental bench.Changes in the average length of the pool fire,flame spread speed,average flame height,and length of preheating zone were used to determine the effect of the plateau and plain environments on flame spread characteristics.These parameters were all larger in Hefei than in Lhasa,which indicates the fire hazard in Hefei will be higher than that in Lhasa if insulation materials of the same size are used.     

航空铝合金预腐蚀疲劳寿命退化规律

航空铝合金材料在服役过程中常因腐蚀损伤而导致疲劳断裂问题,通过采用扫描电镜及疲劳寿命测试等方法,研究了不同预腐蚀损伤对2xxx铝合金在不同应力比下疲劳寿命的影响,探讨了预腐蚀损伤对疲劳裂纹萌生扩展的影响机理.结果表明:预腐蚀损伤对2xxx铝合金材料疲劳寿命的影响显著,材料的疲劳性能随着腐蚀损伤程度的增加而明显下降.同时建立了预腐蚀损伤对材料疲劳极限的影响系数C-T-R模型,材料疲劳极限的影响系数C随着预腐蚀时间的增加或者应力比R的增加而变大.断口分析表明,预腐蚀损伤的存在导致裂纹萌生寿命大大缩短,裂纹萌生由单源转变为多源,并且均萌生于腐蚀坑处.     

成形速度对7075半固态模锻组织均匀性的影响

在半固态模锻过程中,经常会出现液相偏析现象,使零件出现"弱点"或"弱区",这些"弱点"或"弱区"通常又是潜在的裂纹源和服役条件下失效的起因。为了分析研究半固态模锻液相偏析的影响因素,应用DEFORM-3D软件对7075铝合金半固态模锻充型过程进行了模拟,研究了成形速度对7075铝合金杯形件充型过程的影响规律。在模拟的基础上,利用压力机及杯形实验模具,进行了半固态7075铝合金流变模锻成形,研究了成形速度对7075铝合金杯形件半固态模锻组织均匀性的影响。模拟和实验结果表明:成形速度越高,充型越不平稳;在压头温度400℃、成形比压50 MPa、合金温度628℃的条件下,随着成形速度的增加,杯形件的液相偏析度增加,组织越不均匀,当成形速度为5mm/s时,杯形件的液相偏析度高达18.2%。     

Al熔体与非晶SiO2的扩散反应动力学

利用SiO2玻璃尺寸大的特点,研究了Al与SiO2玻璃反应组织和反应动力学.实验发现,长时间反应可以得到Al/Al2O3复合组织,在Al熔体和Al/Al2O3复合组织间存在扩散过渡层.测定了扩散过渡层和Al/Al2O3复合层的生长动力学.分析了扩散过渡层的动力学规律.讨论了Si对扩散过渡层和复合层形成动力学的影响, 发现Al/Al2O3复合层形成的抛物线动力学特征.     

消除7A05铝合金板材各向异性的热处理工艺

为提高7A05铝合金热轧板材的综合力学性能并减少各向异性,对7A05铝合金固溶、预时效、时效和形变处理等工艺对性能的影响进行了系统的研究. 比较了供货态、形变态、回归(RRA)态和采用预时效形变热处理的优化态热处理工艺对综合力学性能的影响. 结果表明:固溶的最佳温度为480 ℃,单级时效最佳工艺为120 ℃,24 h,双级时效中第一级时效最佳工艺为90 ℃,8 h,最佳形变为25%. 通过金相组织和力学性能测试结果表明:由于预时效析出促进形变热处理时亚晶等轴化,优化态强度高,进一步改善了合金性能,减少了轧制板材纵横向力学性能各向异性倾向.     

点支式玻璃建筑中铸铝支承件承载性能

为了研究点支式玻璃建筑中铸铝支承件的承载性能,对3种典型铸铝支承件进行了足尺模型试验研究。按照实际工程中支承件的形式与尺寸制造模具,采用ZL105-T1和ZL111-T6这种铝合金材料铸造成足尺模型试件,借助万能试验机对试件进行加载试验,得出了试件的屈服荷载与极限荷载。根据试件的实际几何尺寸与材料属性,建立有限元模型对试验过程进行数值模拟。有限元分析结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。试验研究与有限元分析表明铸铝支承件的承载力较高,可以在实际工程中应用。     

两个夹心型磷钼簇基超分子化合物的水热合成和晶体结构

通过水热方法合成了2个夹心型磷钼簇基有机-无机杂化化合物(C4H14N3)(C4H15N3)4{Na[Mo6ot5(H2PO4)4]2)·8H2O(化合物1)和{Ni[Mo6O15(H2PO4)4]2}(4,4'-bipy)3·H2O(化合物2,其中4,4'-bipy为4,4'-联吡啶),并对其进行元素分析、红外光谱和...