粒子物理中几种可能应用的新数学方法和拓扑模型

在粒子物理中探讨了四元数、符号动力学等新的数学方法,几种可能应用于振荡的数学方法,及与时间有关的粒子理论;讨论了非线性理论和相应的定性分析理论的结果;研究了粒子的拓扑模型和分形模型;最后提出弱相互作用可能相应于Lobachevsky几何.     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

高应力作用下不同颗粒特征的钙质砂压缩破碎特性

对南海不同岛礁处的钙质砂开展一系列终止压力为8MPa的高压固结试验，研究不同颗粒形貌及不同粒组的钙质砂的颗粒破碎演化规律。试验结果表明，两种钙质砂试样S₁和S₂的矿物组分基本相同，但不同的沉积环境造成了颗粒形状具有显著差异；以片状颗粒为主的钙质砂试样S₂的压缩性和颗粒破碎程度会显著高于以块状颗粒为主的钙质砂试样S₁，且颗粒相对破碎率B_r均随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大；对两种不同的钙质砂而言，相对破碎率B_r与压缩变形量之间呈良好的幂函数递增关系，表明颗粒破碎大小与压缩变形量密切相关。     

基于PFC 2D的含节理岩体单轴压缩数值模拟

基于颗粒流方法模拟含节理岩体的单轴压缩破坏过程,并对不同节理倾角的岩体进行单轴压缩数值模拟,研究不同节理倾角岩体的裂纹扩展路径、破坏形式以及强度变化规律。结果表明:(1)在单轴压缩破坏过程中,岩体节理倾角不同,裂纹扩展与最终破坏形态不同,但破坏过程基本一致;(2)当节理倾角从0°到90°的变化过程中,抗压强度随节理倾角的增大先减小后增加,总体呈"U"型分布规律,并在倾角为60°时达最小值。     

珊瑚礁算法的改进研究

珊瑚礁算法易于陷入局部最优且寻优精度低，因此提出一种改进的珊瑚礁算法.此算法借鉴粒子群算法、高斯变异和模拟退火算法的思想改进珊瑚礁算法的内部有性繁殖、无性繁殖和更替机制，提高了算法的寻优精度并可跳出局部最优.在仿真实验中，将改进珊瑚礁算法与基本珊瑚礁算法和粒子群算法等10种算法分别在高维和低维测试函数下进行比较.实验结果表明，改进的珊瑚礁算法不仅较其他算法具有更好的收敛速度和精度，而且在高维测试函数中，仍然可以保持良好的性能.     

Signal Diffusion Mapping: Optimal Forecasting with Time‐Varying Lags

We introduce a new methodology for forecasting, which we call signal diffusion mapping. Our approach accommodates features of real‐world financial data which have been ignored historically in existing forecasting methodologies. Our method builds upon well‐established and accepted methods from other areas of statistical analysis. We develop and adapt those models for use in forecasting. We also present tests of our model on data in which we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Localization and the interface between quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity II: The search of the interface between QFT and QG

The main topics of this second part of a two-part essay are some consequences of the phenomenon of vacuum polarization as the most important physical manifestation of modular localization. Besides philosophically unexpected consequences, it has led to a new constructive “outside-inwards approach” in which the pointlike fields and the compactly localized operator algebras which they generate only appear from intersecting much simpler algebras localized in noncompact wedge regions whose generators have extremely mild almost free field behavior.Another consequence of vacuum polarization presented in this essay is the localization entropy near a causal horizon which follows a logarithmically modified area law in which a dimensionless area (the area divided by the square of dR where dR is the thickness of a light-sheet) appears. There are arguments that this logarithmically modified area law corresponds to the volume law of the standard heat bath thermal behavior. We also explain the symmetry enhancing effect of holographic projections onto the causal horizon of a region and show that the resulting infinite dimensional symmetry groups contain the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group. This essay is the second part of a partitioned longer paper.     

基于双层多粒子群算法的HDEHR系统资源分配

为解决集中式区域医疗信息集成系统存在的访问瓶颈问题,设计了一种层次化分布式EHR集成模型HDEHR(hierarchical distributed EHR).介绍了HDEHR模型的总体架构,指出了该模型中的系统资源分配问题.为HDEHR系统资源分配问题进行了形式化定义,提出一种采用平均等待时间和网络与节点资源利用均衡度的调和模型作为最优化目标函数.根据HDEHR模型层次化的特点设计了一种双层多粒子群算法BLMSPSO(bi-level multi-swarm PSO),并用其解决了模型资源的最优化分配问题.采用HDEHR-Sim仿真平台进行了试验,对HDEHR算法和集中式EHR模型进行了比较.结果表明,该系统具备线性响应能力,能很好地解决集中式EHR集成模型存在访问瓶颈的问题.     

一种应用于二进制传感器网络的目标跟踪算法

针对采用集中式粒子滤波方法解决二进制传感器网络目标跟踪问题存在的实时性较差和网络能量消耗大的缺点，提出了一种基于动态分簇的分布式粒子滤波算法。以随着目标运动而动态变化的簇为信息处理结构，簇头节点收集簇成员的单跳测量信息，实时对目标状态进行估计，非簇内节点进入休眠状态以节省能量。仿真表明，合理设置簇转换距离和激活半径，算法的跟踪精度与集中式粒子滤波方法相当；在不影响跟踪效果的情况下，可适当减小簇转换距离和激活半径，从而节省网络能量。     

烧结矿余热回收竖罐内气体流态的实验研究

采用对Ergun型方程无量纲化的方法对气体通过烧结矿床层的流态进行了研究,考察气体表观流速、烧结矿颗粒直径和床层空隙率对床层内气体压力降的影响,进而探讨床层内临界颗粒雷诺数随颗粒直径的变化规律.研究结果表明:当颗粒直径一定时,床层内单位料层高压力降随气体表观流速的增大呈二次方关系增大.当气体表观流速一定时,单位料层高压力降随颗粒直径和空隙率的增大呈指数关系衰减.床层内临界颗粒雷诺数随床层几何因子的增大呈指数关系减小,且临界颗粒雷诺数实验预测公式的平均计算误差在5%以内,显示了良好的预测性能.