Growth ofNostoc muscorum mutants in the presence of diuron (DCMU) and L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine

Summary Diuron (DCMU) is inhibitory to the photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth of the N₂-fixing blue-green algaNostoc muscorum at concentrations of 1.0×10^–5 M and 2.0×10^–5 M, respectively. A mutant of this organism resistant to 5.0×10^–5 M DCMU under its photoheterotrophic growth conditions, with the ability to utilize DCMU as a carbon and nitrogen source for growth, and complete inability to grow photoautotrophically has been isolated. With the apparent defect in its photosynthetic ability, it is suggested that theDCMU ^r mutant lacks the step inhibited by 1.0×10^–5 M DCMU, and metabolizes DCMU by an existing enzyme system in the absence of such inhibition. That this enzyme may be glutamine synthetase (GS) is explained with the help of a L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MSO)-resistant mutant ofN. muscorum which is able to grow faster with 2.0×10^–5 DCMU and is known to contain an altered GS.Thanks are due to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR Complex, Govt. of India, New Delhi-110012, for appointing the author to the Scientists' Pool for undertaking researches on the physiological and genetic controls of nitrogen metabolism in blue-green algae, a part of which is presented in this literature.     

单细胞海藻热模拟生烃与有机质成熟度的关系

通过单细胞海藻的实验室热模拟试验,对其进行了颜色变化,反射率、Ｘ－衍射、荧光等测试分析,在热演佛过程中,海藻的颜色和反射率随温度的升高而逐渐变化,颜色由浅变深,反射率值由小变大;解析Ｘ－衍射图谱,求香度ｆａ值,定量反映出海中的饱和结构与芳香结构的变化规律及其有机质成熟度;海菏的荧光光谱随温度的升高而向红光方向移动,强宵渐弱直至消失,通过这几项测试分析,探讨海藻在热演化过程中有机质演变与成烃作用的关     

浮游藻类群落结构动态与城市小水体水质的关系

比较了上海市徐汇区4个小水体3—5月浮游藻类群落结构和叶绿素a含量与水质的关系．康健公园内一条内河和上海师范大学内两个池塘种植水生高等植物和养殖鱼类，藻类数量少，叶绿素a含量低，修正的卡森营养状态指数TSIM(chl)处中营养状态，水质较好．桂林公园内一个池塘未种植水生高等植物和养殖鱼类，藻类数量多，叶绿素a含量高，修正的卡森营养状态指数TSIM(chl)处重营养状态，水质较差；并且4月由裸藻门的绿色裸藻(E．viridis)引起水华，水质恶化，处异常富营养状态．     

Distribution and characterization of C31 sterane from cretaceous sediments and oils, Songliao Basin, China

Relatively high abundance of C₃₁ steranes has been identified from cretaceous source rocks and crude oils in the Songliao Basin, China. C₃₁ steranes which occur as ten isomers were tentatively identified as 4, 22, 23, 24-tetrametyhlcholestane based on their retention time and mass spectrum. They bear a lower thermal stability and occur as important components in the immature oils of Chaochang region because they have three-methyl groups in their side chain. The relatively high abundance of C₃₁ steranes in the samples can indicate the source input of some special algae in the brackish and saline environment. Therefore they can be used as very useful bimarkers for organic facies analysis and oil correlation. Their biological source perhaps related to the dinoflagellate such asG. foliaceum andP. foliaceum. The gorgostanol are considered as possible precursors for the putative C₃₁4-methyl sterane which formed in the stage of diagenesis.     

Study on contrast test of PPC pre-oxidation and coagulation for algae removal and deodorization

The effect of treating algae-bearing water and induced odor by use of permanganate potassium composite （PPC） pre-oxidation was investigated, and was compared with the effect of treatments by pre-chlorination, permanganate petassium pre-oxidation and simple coagulation. The results showed that simple coagulation and pre-chlorination were less effective in removing algae and its odor, whereas PPC pre-oxidation was the most effective in algae removal and deodorization. Upon oxidation with PPC, the cells of Oscillatoria agardhic were inactivated and some intra-cellular and extra-cellular components were released into the water, which may help the coagulation by their bridging effect. The efficient removal of algae by PPC pre-oxidation is believed to be the joint contribution of several mechanisms.     

"引江济淮"输水干线浮游藻类与水体质量研究

拟议中的"引江济淮"工程是一项涉及长江、淮河两大河流的跨流域的调水工程,在对"引江济淮"项目区主要水体调查的基础上,讨论了水体质量以及浮游藻类种类组成与数量以及藻类对水体质量的指示作用.研究表明,巢湖与瓦埠湖及输水河流之间藻类结构具较高的相似性,两湖泊为中或富营养化型湖泊.单纯的输水可能不会改善巢湖和瓦埠湖的水质,应辅以污染的综合治理措施,恢复湖泊的正常生态过程.     

广州李坑垃圾场渗滤液中的藻类群落结构特征

对广州李坑生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液池的藻类群落结构进行为期1 a的调查。共发现藻类20种,分别归蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门。其中,优势种类是蓝藻门中的席藻Phorm idium spp.。渗滤液中藻类数量和生物量的年平均值分别为13.47×108ind.L-1和144.70 m.gL-1。藻类生物量的年动态表现为冬春高、夏秋低,生物量最高的2月份达352.81 mg.L-1,最小的8月为20.50 m.gL-1。渗滤液中藻类群落的Shannon-W iever多样性指数的年变化类似于群落生物量的格局。渗滤液藻类生物量、群落多样性和优势种席藻的生物量与月平均温度、月雨量和NH+4-N呈负相关关系,而与COD、NO3--N、TP、O rtho-P呈正相关关系。     

海带热模拟实验的固体残余物研究及其石油地质意义

宏观底栖藻类作为海相烃源岩中重要的生油母质类型日益受到重视．通过对大型底栖褐藻海带的热模拟实验，利用傅立叶转换红外光谱、扫描电镜、漫反射光谱、反射率测定等分析和显微镜观察系统研究了海带的热演化规律，从有机质成熟度、残余物成分变化和实验样品的孔隙结构变化讨论了海带的石油地质意义．发现海带在较高的成熟度条件下依然具有较强的生烃能力，其孔隙发育规律对研究天然气的赋存和排出有着重要意义．     

洋河水库“水华”发生的实验研究

本工作在洋河水库现场进行了“水华”发生的实验研究，采用以受控生态系统实验为主，结合对自然水体进行观测的方法，观察了从藻类增殖到“水华”形成及消失的全过程；定量研究了“水华”发生所需的条件。研究表明：水体的富营养状态是藻类异常增殖的主要原因，而藻类的异常增殖又是“水华”发生的前提条件。“水华”发生时水体表层所需的藻类生物量阈值为４８．０μｇＣｈｌａ／ｌ。气象因子引起的藻类聚集对于“水华”的发生具有诱