氯桥酸酐合成自熄性防腐聚酯树脂的研究

研究了氯桥酸酐、顺丁烯二酸酐、乙二醇、二丙二醇和苯乙烯等为原料制备防腐阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂的工艺条件.结果表明,氯桥酸酐配比可达50%以上,反应温度160~180℃,反应时间20 h,催化剂量为0.1%~0.25%.以过氧化苯甲酰为固化剂,于50~60℃固化45 h,80~9℃固化20 h,获得性能优良的树脂,当其氯含量大于20%时,具有较强的阻燃能力.该树脂在多种强腐蚀介质中相当稳定,特别适用于含湿氯气等强腐蚀性场所防腐.     

修复周围神经损伤的静电自组装PDLLA/CS/CHS复合材料

利用静电自组装和真空冷冻干燥法制备用于修复周围神经损伤的聚乳酸/硫酸软骨素/壳聚糖复合材料.用全反射傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等进行表征,发现复合材料表面被均匀修饰,具有明显的多级结构,内层为致密结构,外层为疏松的海绵结构,孔径10~100μm.亲水性实验发现自组装复合材料的亲水性较纯聚乳酸有了较大的提高.降解实验发现:在0~2周,材料降解液pH值急剧下降,后期下降缓慢;降解过程中pH值都在7.0左右.MTT(四甲基偶氮唑盐)实验表明复合材料具有一定的促进雪旺细胞生长的作用.     

氯化苯甲醛肟的简便合成

以廉价的三氯异氰尿酸和取代的苯甲醛肟为原料合成了一系列的氯化苯甲醛肟,方法操作和后处理简便.并考察了反应条件对产物收率的影响,确定了最佳的反应条件:苯甲醛肟与三氯异氰尿酸的摩尔比为2∶1左右,溶剂为四氢呋喃,温度0～5℃,反应时间4～6 h,产物收率可达到90%以上.     

Structural characterization of two papaya chitinases, a family GH19 of glycosyl hydrolases

Two chitinases, able to use tetra-N-acetylglucosamine, chitin and chitosan as substrates, were characterized after purification from Carica papaya latex. The complete amino acid sequence of the major form and about 40% of the minor one were determined through proteolytic digestions and mass spectroscopy analysis. Sequencing demonstrated that both papaya chitinases are members of the family 19 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH19). Based on the known 3-D structures of other members of family GH19, it was expected that papaya chitinases would adopt all-alpha structures. However, circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy indicated, for the papaya chitinases, a content of 15–20% of extended structures besides the expected 40% of alpha helices. Since the fully sequenced papaya chitinase contains a large number of proline residues the possibility that papaya chitinase contains polyproline II stretches was examined in the context of their resistance against proteolytic degradation. Received 11 July 2006; received after revision 13 October 2006; accepted 25 October 2006     

Sialic acid-specific lectins: occurrence, specificity and function

Sialic acids consist of a family of acidic ninecarbon sugars that are typically located at the terminal positions of a variety of glycoconjugates. Naturally occurring sialic acids show an immense diversity of structure, and this reflects their involvement in a variety of biologically important processes. One such process involves the direct participation of sialic acids in recognition events through specific interactions with lectins, a family of proteins that recognise and bind sugars. This review will present a detailed overview of our current knowledge regarding the occurrence, specificity and function of sialic acid-specific lectins, particularly those that occur in viruses, bacteria and non-vertebrate eukaryotes. Received 13 December 2005; received after revision 9 February 2006; accepted 15 February 2006     

Phytanic acid: production from phytol, its breakdown and role in human disease

Phytanic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid that accumulates in a variety of metabolic disorders. High levels of phytanic acid found in patients can exceed the millimolar range and lead to severe symptoms. Degradation of phytanic acid takes place by α-oxidation inside the peroxisome. A deficiency of its breakdown, leading to elevated levels, can result from either a general peroxisomal dysfunction or from a defect in one of the enzymes involved in α-oxidation. Research on Refsum disease, belonging to the latter group of disorders and characterized by a deficiency of the first enzyme of α-oxidation, has extended our knowledge of phytanic acid metabolism and pathology of the disease greatly over the past few decades. This review will centre on this research on phytanic acid: its origin, the mechanism by which its α-oxidation takes place, its role in human disease and the way it is produced from phytol. Received 4 October 2005; received after revision 24 February 2006; accepted 26 April 2006     

Activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone by deiodinases: Local action with general consequences

The thyroid hormone plays a fundamental role in the development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis in all vertebrates by affecting the expression of different sets of genes. A group of thioredoxin fold-containing selenoproteins known as deiodinases control thyroid hormone action by activating or inactivating the precursor molecule thyroxine that is secreted by the thyroid gland. These pathways ensure regulation of the availability of the biologically active molecule T3, which occurs in a time-and tissue-specific fashion. In addition, because cells and plasma are in equilibrium and deiodination affects central thyroid hormone regulation, these local deiodinase-mediated events can also affect systemic thyroid hormone economy, such as in the case of non-thyroidal illness. Heightened interest in the field has been generated following the discovery that the deiodinases can be a component in both the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and the TGR-5 signaling cascade, a G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids. These new mechanisms involved in deiodinase regulation indicate that local thyroid hormone activation and inactivation play a much broader role than previously thought. Received 29 August 2007; received after revision 11 October 2007; accepted 16 October 2007     

Molecular mechanisms in therapy of acid-related diseases

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion is the mainstay of the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulceration; therapies to inhibit acid are among the best-selling drugs worldwide. Highly effective agents targeting the histamine H2 receptor were first identified in the 1970s. These were followed by the development of irreversible inhibitors of the parietal cell hydrogen-potassium ATPase (the proton pump inhibitors) that inhibit acid secretion much more effectively. Reviewed here are the chemistry, biological targets and pharmacology of these drugs, with reference to their current and evolving clinical utilities. Future directions in the development of acid inhibitory drugs include modifications of current agents and the emergence of a novel class of agents, the acid pump antagonists. Received 30 May 2007; received after revision 15 August 2007; accepted 13 September 2007     

基于杯[4]芳烃的选择性识别有机酸的荧光传感器

以杯[4]芳烃为平台、氨基吡啶基团为识别位点、萘环为荧光基团,合成了一类新型荧光化学传感器.采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振和元素分析方法对产物进行了表征,并对产物的性能及荧光分子识别有机酸的机理进行了研究.结果表明,所合成的荧光分子在乙腈溶液中能选择性识别芳香族有机酸,表现出荧光淬灭现象,其与有机酸络合能力的大小依次为:对氰基苯甲酸>对氯苯甲酸>对甲氧基苯甲酸>苯甲酸.     

离子强度对牛磺酸离子交换平衡的影响

采用静态吸附法研究离子强度对牛磺酸/OH-体系在阴离子树脂D290上离子交换平衡的影响,测定了不同离子强度下牛磺酸在碱式阴离子交换树脂上的交换平衡等温线.研究结果表明:(1)随着溶液离子强度的升高,阴离子树脂对牛磺酸的平衡交换吸附容量逐渐降低,牛磺酸在树脂上的分配系数λTau逐渐下降;(2)随着溶液离子强度增大,达到平衡时液相的pH值升高,溶液中牛磺酸阴离子Tau±含量迅速增加,而牛磺酸两性离子Tau±含量迅速降低;(3)在一定的牛磺酸浓度范围内,溶液离子强度增大,有利于提高离子交换树脂对牛磺酸的选择性.