旋转水流消能及其空化特性

研究了高水头（Ｈ〉２００ｍ）泄水建筑物隧洞内部消能的一种新型消能工,将竖井与隧洞切向连接,在隧洞内形式螺旋形的旋转水流,这种水流结构可消散水流中大部分能量,使流向下游的水流剩余能量较小,减轻下游的消能负担和减少下游冲刷。这种消能工的最基本的水流形态环流,在其固体边壁存在着较大的离心力,其中心为大气压,整个水流不会出现负压,流速迅速降低,空化特性较好,不会产生空化与空蚀。还分析了旋转水流的消能机理、     

气垫调压室的体型优化计算

以总容积最小为目标,建立了气垫调压室体型优化的数学模型,采用遗传算法求解该模型,从而为合理选择调压室截面积、气室高度、室内水体高度及初始气体压力等基本参数提供了科学依据．给出了计算实例,所得结果与经验估算值相比,工程效益较为显著,设计安全度高．     

两种孵化设备对卤虫卵孵化质量的影响

采用生产上常用的两种孵化设备进行卤虫卵孵化质量的对比试验.结果表明,在28±0.5 C的海水中,孵化桶内的平均卤虫卵孵化率、全部虫卵孵出时间和孵化同步时间分别比平底水泥孵化池高2.41倍、提早9小时和缩短3小时.孵化桶还具有使用方便、灵活等优点,值得在生产上大力推广.     

利用真实砂岩微观孔隙模型研究粘性不稳定指进

利用真实砂岩微观孔隙模型进行了不同油水粘度比下的油水两相驱替试验,研究了粘性不稳定指进;提出了控制注入水粘性指进的注入速度及油水粘度比的要求,对指导油田生产有一定的意义。     

一级反应网络法求单底物酶促反应的米氏常数

以可溶性淀粉为底物,研究了糖化酶（ＥＣ３．２．１．３）的动力学规律。淀粉水解反应具有单底物酶促反应的特征,且当［ｓ］Ｋｍ时,服从拟一级反应规律。根据一级反应网络理论,采用单纯形加速法拟合酶促淀粉水解反应的过程曲线求各速率常数和米氏常数。     

化学法清洗硅片过程中清除颗粒的机理(英文)

对化学法清洗硅片过程中消除颗粒的机理作了定量的探讨。颗粒的清除是由于化学蚀刻和颗粒与表面排斥力共同作用的结果。首次提出了最浅蚀刻深度和最小蚀刻速度的概念。最浅蚀刻深度可通过颗粒与表面间作用能的关系进行计算。是小蚀刻速度则可通过蚀刻侧形进行计算。研究结果对于优化化学法清洗过程和设计高性能清洗液都具有重要意义。     

一种实用的小程控交换机供电电源

作者介绍了一种“ＣＵＫ”电路来实现的小型程控交换机供电电源,简述了此电源的基本模型,给出了实际设计的方法,并列出了实例测数据,还在电源的可靠性方面进行了探讨,本文阐明了采用“ＣＵＫ”电路来实现的开关稳压电源具有体积小、重量轻、效率高等特点,展示出利用“ＣＵＫ”电路实现的开关稳压电源具有广泛的前景。     

Cl−/HCO 3 − exchanger is operative in isolated enterocytes from rat jejunum

Enterocytes isolated from rat jejunum were tested for the existence of a Cl^–/HCO ₃ ^– exchange, previously evidenced in basolateral membrane vesicles but not in brush border. Cells were found to retain functional integrity and transport capabilities long enough to allow Cl^– fluxes to be measured. Both efflux and uptake experiments indicate that a Cl^–/HCO ₃ ^– antiport, inhibited by 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2-2-disulfonic acid (DIDS), is functional under resting conditions.     

浅谈“无板起跳”训练法对提高业余跳远运动员助跑速度利用率的作用

在跳远技术教学训练中,阶段性采用取消跳板跳远的训练方法,消除运动员起跳前减速上板起跳的错误条件反射,提高速度利用率,从而最大限度地提高跳远成绩。     

Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health

Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain.