国家财政支农的效益性与路径选择

通过对国家财政支农宏观、中观、微观效益低下的实证分析,从国家预算、财政意识、政府博弈、配套政策诸方面探讨了影响财政支农效益的深层原因,进而指出国家财政支农的路径选择。     

台湾休闲农业的成功经验及对大陆的启示

休闲农业在台湾发展较早,现已具有相当的规模,并取得了良好的社会、经济和生态效益,是台湾农业转型的新走向。介绍了台湾休闲农业的发展概况、取得的成功经验及其对大陆农业发展带来的一些启示。     

寒地城市突发公共卫生事件应对的规划响应

在全球气候变化的背景下,特殊的气候条件引发的城市突发公共卫生事件不容忽视.城市规划是政府确保公共卫生安全的重要手段,从城市规划角度预防及控制气候变化带来的突发公共卫生事件并作出一定的规划响应,对于提升寒地城市居民健康水平具有重要意义.以寒地城市为例,分析了地域气候特征对突发公共卫生事件的影响,结合城乡人口空间分布、土地...     

河南省农业循环经济发展模式研究

循环经济是解决农业生产过程中环境污染、提高农业收益的重要方式,在深入分析河南省农业循环经济发展中出现的各类问题的同时,总结了全省农业循环经济发展的3种模式,并在此基础上,提出今后构建循环农业新模式的建议与对策.     

变量施肥决策的多目标优化模型与算法

变量决策模型和优化算法是精准农业变量作业处方生成的核心环节.文中建立了一个综合考虑作物产量、质量、能源消耗、环境影响等多个指标的变量施肥多目标优化模型,提出了一种求解此类问题的高效禁忌搜索算法,从产量最大化的初始施肥方案出发,基于最近可行解的概念进行邻域搜索,并按照质量优先的策略不断寻找和更新解集,最后得到一组非支配意义下的优化施肥方案,以提高精准农业变量施肥的决策支持能力和水平.通过对江西宜春地区油茶树变量施肥问题的案例研究,验证了模型和算法的有效性和实用性.     

Cladocera and Copepoda of Shokalsky Island: new data from northwest Siberia

Information on the freshwater fauna of the remote Arctic territories is very patchy, and most of the isolated islands of the Arctic Ocean remain absolutely unexplored. The pioneer data on the species composition of microcrustaceans of Shokalsky Island (northwest Siberia, Russia) is reported here. The initial three-year research revealed a total of 31 new for the area species of Cladocera and Copepoda, including new records for the whole of northwestern Siberia. Comparing the interannual differences in faunal composition, we suggested the hypothesis of the existence of a cryptic pool of species’ resting stages, which can invade the community in the event of favourable environmental conditions in the Arctic freshwaters. We also compiled all the available data from different parts of northern Siberia and compared them with the fauna of Shokalsky Island to analyse the connection between the diversity and distributional patterns of copepods and cladoceran species and the climate conditions of different territories.     

Mortality effects of temperature changes in the United Kingdom

Temperature changes are known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health in various ways. Consequently, excess deaths as a result of extreme weather conditions may increase over the coming decades because of climate change. In this paper, the relationship between trends in mortality and trends in temperature change (as a proxy) is investigated using annual data and for specified (warm and cold) periods during the year in the UK. A thoughtful statistical analysis is implemented and a new stochastic, central mortality rate model is proposed. The new model encompasses the good features of the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 87: 659–671) model and its recent extensions, and for the very first time includes an exogenous factor which is a temperature‐related factor. The new model is shown to provide a significantly better‐fitting performance and more interpretable forecasts. An illustrative example of pricing a life insurance product is provided and discussed.     

试论农牧结合与农业可持续发展

本文系统地分析了持续发展的内涵及其特征,阐述了持续农业的成因及主要特征,论述农牧结合的概念与内涵,揭示了农牧结合与农业持续发展的关系,提出了农牧结合型农业持续发展模式的“五大特征”和“六大结合”。     

贯彻落实科学发展观指导解决"三农"问题

科学发展观是中国共产党对社会主义现代化建设指导思想的新发展。“三农”问题是目前我国最大的发展难题。以科学发展观为指导使我们对解决“三农”问题有了更为深刻的认识。认真贯彻落实以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,必须保障农民的合法权利,培养造就新型农民;加强对农业的支持保护力度,发展现代农业;加大统筹城乡经济社会发展力度,扎实推进新农村建设。     

奖励能否激励员工创造力:不同成就动机氛围下的匹配研究

激活员工创造力、凝聚新的发展动力是企业面临的紧迫任务.基于系统而权变的视角,以"语义感知-心理计量-行为强化"为理论主线,针对60个团队274名员工样本,运用跨层次分析考察了不同成就动机氛围下奖励(水平和结构)对创造力的影响.结果表明,精熟氛围、扁平型奖励结构正向影响突破式创造力;表现氛围、陡峭型奖励结构正向影响渐进式创造力:三项交互检验显示,在高精熟氛围及扁平型结构下,提高奖励水平能够更好地激活突破式创造力;而在高表现氛围和陡峭性结构下,提高奖励水平能够更好地激活渐进式创造力.研究揭示,成就动机氛围、奖励结构与创造力类型之间存在一种相对最优的匹配关系.蕴含的实践价值在于,企业应从执行角度在项目团队营造表现动机氛围并辅以竞争性激励结构,以提升渐进式创造力,快速获取局部竞争优势;但鉴于"渐进式创新有余,突破式创新不足"的企业创新格局,我们更应从战略视角在技术核心部门营造精熟氛围并辅以高位均衡的激励模式,以催生突破式创造力,赢得持久竞争优势.