Community Climate Model 3模拟夏季极端降水的初步分析

采用累积频率的统计方法和Community Climate Model 3(CCM3)模拟的10年逐日降水结果,分析了模拟的夏季极端降水事件的时空分布特征.结果表明,CCM3模拟的极端降水阈值的大值区主要在我国黄河和长江流域的上游、印度半岛及其邻近海域和孟加拉湾及其北部地区.CCM3能够模拟出我国长江流域极端降水量与极端降水日数显著增加的趋势.对极端降水平均强度、降水日数以及极端降水量与总降水量比值的经验正交函数(EOF)分析可知,我国大部分地区的极端降水基本呈现同相变化,且以长江和黄河中游地区较为显著.CCM3模式基本能够模拟出观测到的极端降水阈值与总降水、极端降水日数及其距平的高空间相关性.     

高温煤气脱硫新技术的研究及应用

通过对自制ZnO粉末脱硫剂的XRD及硫化实验，表明用热分解法制备的脱硫剂较用沉淀法制备的脱硫剂在物相上较好，而且单一的ZnO脱硫剂在脱硫效率及硫容方面均优于加入促进剂（10%澎润土）的ZnO脱硫剂.     

Numerical simulation of Meiyu front and the diagnosis of moist vorticity vector

Moist vorticity vector is introduced to study the development and evolution of mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in the Meiyu front precipitation with the Advanced Regional Predication System (ARPS). In this study, the heavy rainfall is simulated to investigate the genesis, development and dissipation of middle scale convective vortex, which occurred from 0000 UTC 3 July to 1200 UTC 5 July over the Jianghuai River valley. Moist vorticity vector (MVV) has zonal, radial and vertical components in its 3D spatial distribution. The simulation shows that the vertical component of moist vorticity vector well demonstrates the spatial distribution characteristics of middle scale convective vortex, especially in the process of Meiyu front precipitation. Diagnosis upon zonal, radial averaged and mass-integrated quantities of MVV shows that its vertical component and the surface precipitating ratio are in phase with a correlation coefficient of 0.68, indicating that the vertical component of MVV is closely associated with the Meiyu front precipitation. In addition, the tendency of the vertical component of MVV is mainly determined by the interaction between the vorticity and the zonal and radial gradient of condensational or depositional heating.     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.     

坡面氮、磷流失特征分析及预测

利用室内人工降雨系统和大型可变坡土槽,模拟了裸土坡地在不同的初始土壤营养物质量分数、径流量、坡度及植被覆盖率下的产污过程,分析了典型降雨过程中氮、磷质量浓度随时间的变化过程以及径流中营养物质的流失规律.结果表明:径流中氮、磷质量浓度受表层土壤营养物的质量分数影响很大;氮、磷质量浓度在产流初期迅速下降,随后下降速度趋于平稳;在多数情况下,径流中硝酸盐氮的质量浓度高于氨氮质量浓度,亚硝酸盐氮的质量浓度很低.在物理机理研究的基础上提出了氮、磷的污染负荷模型.     

废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的回收

采用超声波分离电极材料-酸浸-钴锂沉淀新工艺分离并回收了废旧锂离子电池中的有价金属。超声波分离中所研究溶剂的分离效果为：NMP〉DMF〉DMSO〉〉丙酮。超声波处理可降低分离温度与时间。采用该工艺，电极材料用NMP于40℃超声波处理15min可完全剥离；所剥离电极材料中99．4％的钴锂可酸浸出；酸浸液中99．5％的钴离子可以高密度球形CoC2O4回收；钴沉淀分离后，滤液中94．5％的锂离子可以Li2CO3沉淀回收。以所回收钴锂化合物制备的LiCoO2具有良好的电化学性能。     

ELNio事件与我国月降水和温度的关系

用对比度分析方法,研究了ELNino事件对我国月降水和温度的影响,并进行了信度检验.结果表明:ELNino年,全国降水1～9月偏少,10～12月偏多.当5月降水异常少时,ELNino发生的概率达50%以上.当4月温度异常高时,ELNino发生的概率为零,而4月气温异常低时,ELNino发生的概率达50%～83%.这对ELNino的预测,提出了一个重要的信号依据.     

沉淀滴定中的终点误差

基于沉淀滴定基本原理，利用双曲正弦函数性质提出了一种处理沉淀滴定终点误差的新方法.导出了一个内含最大敏锐指数的终点误差公式，由此获得了一个计算沉淀滴定突跃范围的公式.处理结果与有关文献一致.     

Aging and endothelin-1 induced vascular contractions

Summary Contractions produced by endothelin-1 (0.3–30 nM) have been investigated in aorta, renal arteries and mesenteric arteries from 2- and 24-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. In senescent rats the EC₅₀ values of endothelin-1 for aorta and renal artery were significantly increased (aorta: from 6.2 to 12 nM; renal artery: from 5.2 to 7.8 nM). For mesenteric artery the EC₅₀ value (4.3 nM) was unchanged by aging, whereas the maximal contractile response to endothelin-1 was enhanced (from 8.3 to 11.7 mN). In contrast, there was no significant age-related difference in the maximal endothelin-1 response of aorta and renal artery. The present data demonstrate a reduced sensitivity for aorta and renal artery and an enhanced maximal response to endothelin-1 in the mesenteric artery in senescent rats.     

含铌钛钢X—52连铸坯的高温延塑性

测试了溶点－７００℃温度区间含铌钛钢Ｘ－５２连铸坯的高温延塑性。根据断口形貌、组织以及钢中析出物等的变化情况分析了该钢的脆化机理。结果表明：在熔点－７００℃温度区间，Ｘ－５２钢存在２个脆性区，熔点－１３８０℃的第Ⅰ脆性区，９２５－８２５℃的第Ⅲ脆性区。细小的ＮｂＣＮ沿奥氏体晶界的动态析出是造成第Ⅲ区脆化的主要原因。可通过向钢中添加少量的钛，以降低晶界处细小的ＮｂＣＮ的析出量，防止先共析铁素体在奥氏