Occurrence,distribution and nature of neuropeptide Y in the rat pancreas

Summary Significant quantities of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y, were found in the rat pancreas, where they were localized to nerves in the exocrine parenchyma and around arterial and ductal structures. Although unaffected by surgical parasympathectomy, the periarterial and periductal nerves were abolished by chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that NPY is partially costored with sympathetic transmitters in nerve fibers.     

Analysis of the Variations of Body Build of Middle-and Old-aged and Research on the Prototype

The characteristics of body build of middle - and old -aged women and its rule of variations as well as the basic sizes of various parts are discussed. All these are based on the body measurements of this age group, and also on the statistical studies of the measurement data. By setting the regression equation, the calculating formulae of various control parts are obtained, thus establishing the prototype of this age group for women.     

Hepatic acid hydrolases of albino rats,Mastomys natalensis and albino mice duringPlasmodium berghei infection

Summary Changes in liver acid hydrolase activities during the infection of albino rats,Mastomys or mice withPlasmodium berghei are described. B-Glucosidase, B-galactosidase and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase exhibited widely different responses with acid phosphatase and cathepsin-B the least responsive and are likely to be causally related to immunity of animals.     

马尾松×红锥异龄混交林对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响

探讨马尾松(Pinus massoniana)纯林改造成马尾松×红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)异龄混交林对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的长期生态效应,为马尾松人工林质量的精准提升提供理论依据。以60 a生的马尾松纯林和改造后的异龄混交林为对象,比较分析纯林和异龄混交林土壤微生物群落结构和功能差异,以及土壤微生物类群与土壤酶活性和土壤性质的相关性。两种林分土壤磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)含量均大于0.01 nmol·g-1的标记种类为27种,其中25种PLFAs标记含量均为纯林高于异龄混交林;马尾松纯林土壤微生物群落、细菌、真菌、放线菌、丛枝菌根真菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的PLFAs均显著或极显著高于异龄混交林;马尾松纯林土壤微生物群落的PLFAs多样性均高于异龄混交林,其中土壤PLFAs丰富度和均匀度指数差异不显著,而香农威纳指数、Simpson指数差异显著;马尾松纯林改造为异龄混交林后,土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性均呈现不同程度的降低,而土壤酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性增加;相关分析表明,不同土壤微生物类群均与β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶呈正相关,与酸性磷酸酶和脲酶呈负相关;与土壤有机质、有效钾呈极显著正相关,而与土壤含水量、土壤微生物生物量氮呈显著负相关。马尾松×红锥异龄混交林对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的长期生态效应不明显,异龄混交林结构简单,物种多样性少,土壤有机质低,以及雨季土壤含水量过高是其土壤微生物群落多样性和土壤酶活性低于纯林的主要原因。     

Effects of polysorbates and Cremophor EL on vascular responses in rat aorta

The effects of Tween 20, Tween 80, and Cremophor EL, surface active agents which are used for dispersion of water-insoluble substances, on vascular responsiveness were investigated using rat aortic rings. In high concentrations all these agents produced persistent contractions in aortic rings independent of the presence of endothelium. These contractions were not influenced by inhibitors of known endogenous contractile mediators. Incubation with these agents caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the endothelium-dependent relaxant responses to acetylcholine in intact precontracted aortic rings. Endothelium-independent relaxations produced by sodium nitroprusside were not inhibited, but rather potentiated in the presence of Tween 80 (10^–1 ml/l). On the other hand, Tween 80 inhibited the contractile effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, phenylephrine, and bradykinin significantly. The data suggests that these substances affect both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle.     

中国应对老龄社会的战略思路

中国已经进入老龄社会，有不同于其他国家老龄社会的特点。根据这些特点，我们应在人口、经济、社会、文化、政治等方面制定相应的发展战略。     

高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson）脊神经的形态解剖

本文在双筒解剖镜下对15只高原鼠兔的脊神经进行了追踪,对每对脊神经的起源、行程及分布作了详细描述,并同家兔和大鼠者进行了比较.发现高原鼠兔的脊神经,除因其椎骨与家兔者不同而引起一些差异外,基本形态与家免几乎一致,有些特征与大鼠也相同.高原鼠兔臂丛和腰荐丛的周围分布,在不同个体间有较大的差异,但有一个基本的分布形态.     

GABA-A-mediated gastrin release induced by baclofen in the isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach

Summary In order to investigate the role of peripheral GABA-B receptors, the effects of the putative GABA-B agonist baclofen on immunoreactive gastrin release from an isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach preparation were examined. The vascular infusion of baclofen at graded concentrations induced a dose-dependent increase in gastrin release; this was unaffected by the GABA-B antagonist delta-aminovaleric acid, but was fully prevented by the selective GABA-A antagonist bicuculline as well as by atropine or tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that the stimulant effects of baclofen are mediated by nervous cholinergic structures, associated with GABA-A receptors, and indicate that this GABA-B agonist must be regarded as a partial agonist of peripheral GABA-A receptors.     

城市老年贫困群体形成因素分析

在人口老龄化的进程中,出现了一个特殊群体,即城市老年贫困群体,这一群体是原本就脆弱的老年群体中更为脆弱的一部分。他们的出现使人口老龄化问题更加复杂。从人口因素、社会因素、经济因素三个方面分析城市老年贫困群体形成的原因,以期寻找解决老年贫困问题的途径。