Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

浙江农村水污染现状及治理措施研究

分析了浙江农村水污染现状,指出了浙江农村水污染的成因,包括乡镇企业的排污,由农药化肥的过量或不合理的施用所致的农业面污染,未经处理的污水直接灌溉,畜禽养殖污染以及居民生活污染等,并在此基础上提出了浙江农村水污染的治理措施。     

五氯酚对好氧活性污泥中不同酶活性的影响

以五氯酚为研究对象,采用分光光度法测定其对城市污水处理厂好氧活性污泥中的脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着五氯酚暴露浓度的增大,脲酶活性总体呈上升趋势;转化酶活性先升高后降低,暴露时间为0.5 h,转化酶升高率达到最大值49.3%;暴露15 h后转化酶活性开始呈现降低态势,实验最大暴露时间25 h时降低率达到76.8%。脱氢酶活性则大多呈现降低趋势,在暴露0.5 h时其酶活性随五氯酚浓度变化呈明显负相关,酶活性降低率为52%,之后脱氢酶活性被抑制情况呈现平缓趋势。综合生理生化反应指标的敏感度和分析方法的精密度进行评价,五氯酚对转化酶影响幅度大且分析精密度高,而脱氢酶响应快,可作为急性毒性应激敏感指标。     

炼油厂废水处理污泥热解制油技术研究

对炼油厂废水处理污泥进行了催化热解产油实验,考察了温度（170－300℃）和反应时间（0－90min)对产油率的影响。温度越高,产油率越高,在300℃时,产油率达54．6％,经60min反应接近平衡。讨论了系统质量与能量平衡。     

三槽式氧化沟工艺用于石化类废水生物脱氮的探讨

论述了三槽式氧化沟处理石化废水的试验研究,试验结果表明：在系统开始时水力停留时间过短不利于硝化,当运行稳定后．在10h左右的水力停留时间时,三槽式氧化沟出水NH3-N浓度为2．7mg/L,NO3^--N浓度为5．2mg/L,可以达到较好的硝化效果．并将小试研究结果与污水处理厂的实际运行作了比较．     

对高校健美操课教学的探讨

健美操已经成为学校教学的重要组成部分．掌握健美操的基本技巧，技能，寓健美知识于课堂中．动作设计，音乐的选择，运动量合理安排，激发学生的学习积极性，提高课堂教学效果．     

配水管网饮用水微生物学水质研究

配水管网中细菌繁殖是钦用水二次污染的重要方面.为此,对中国南方某市市区配水管网中总余氯、总磷、可同化有机碳(AOC)和细菌总数等饮用水微生物学水质相关指标进行了研究.结果表明:余氯在配水管网的沿程上有明显的衰减过程,而且与细菌总数有很好的相关关系;细菌总数测定时间的研究结果均表现为72h>48h>24h,86.700的水样在培养24h后没有菌落形成,48h后4000的水样没有菌落形成.所有水样在培养48h后未表现超标,但培养72h后有12.500的水样细菌总数超标,即菌落数>100cfu/mL;细菌总数与总磷有较好的相关关系,总磷含量较高时细菌总数也较高;AOC在管网中浓度呈上升趋势,并与细菌总数有较好的相关关系,随管网的延伸AOC浓度的增加有减缓的趋势.总的来说该市饮用水水质较好,基本处于生物稳定性状态.     

电化学氧化法深度处理土霉素废水二级处理出水试验研究

以钛涂铱钌(Ti/RuO2-IrO2)平板为阳极、石墨板为阴极,采用电化学氧化法对土霉素废水二级处理出水进行了深度处理试验研究。确定了最佳电解条件:电流密度为0.10A/cm2、极板间距为2cm、电解质(Na2SO4)浓度为0.3mol/L和不调整废水pH值,在进水ρ(COD)=264.32mg/L时,电解60min后出水ρ(COD)120.00mg/L,COD去除率可达60%以上。在最佳电解条件下,COD去除动力学方程为ln(c0/ct)=0.012 9t-0.001 7,其相关系数R2=0.997 5,近似符合一级动力学方程。     

一种处理高浓度渗滤液的新工艺研究

为了提高矿化垃圾生物反应床对渗滤液有机物和氮类污染物的处理能力,在充分结合准好氧结构优势和矿化垃圾生物反应床特点的基础上,提出了准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床处理渗滤液的工艺。单周期渗滤液处理实验和按L9（3^4）运行的正交实验结果表明：在矿化垃圾有效高度为900mm,温度为20—35℃,运行周期为1—3d,水力负荷为5～32L／（m^3·d）,COD负荷为210-1280g/（m^3·d）的条件下,COD、氨氮和总氮的去除率分别能达到98％、94％和80％以上;渗滤液回灌后,水质和水量分剐在9h和24h后趋于稳定;随着运行时间的延长,渗滤液优先流会增加;在保温状态下,冬季的处理效果优于夏季。该技术不但解决了其他类型矿化垃圾生物反应床总氮去除效率不高的难题,还具有较好是渗滤液减量化效果。