Recent advances in brown adipose tissue biology

In mammals, white adipose tissue （WAT） store energy, whereas brown adipose tissue （BAT） burns energy. As a thermogenic organ, BAT can help maintain body temperature during cold exposure. Owing to its important roles in energy metabolism and regulating triacylglycerol levels, BAT has received great attention in treating obesity and its related diseases. Recent studies have suggested that BAT may secrete factor（s）—batokines—to regulate whole- body energy metabolism. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the formation and function of BAT, as well as molecules that regulate the activity of BAT and beige fat.     

Compatibility of Chitosan-Gelatin Films with Adipose Tissue Derived Stromal Cells

Introduction Chitosan, the partially N-deacetylated form of chitin, is the second most abundant biomaterial after cellulose. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bio- activity, chitosan and its derivant complexes have been studied in various…     

不同强度运动对青春期肥胖大鼠Vaspin的影响

目的:探讨不同强度运动对青春期肥胖大鼠Vaspin表达的影响.方法:建模7周后,取32只高脂诱导的肥胖倾向大鼠,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为安静对照组(OC)、低强度运动组(OL)、中强度运动组(OM)、高强度运动组(OH).OL、OM、OH分别以15-18m/min、21-25 m/min和28-32 m/min以及坡度均为0°的强度运动,1h/d,5次/周,干预8周.8周后采集麻醉后大鼠血液及内脏脂肪组织,用qRT-PCR测脂肪组织Vaspin mRNA基因表达,免疫组化测脂肪组织Vaspin蛋白表达,ELISA测血浆Vaspin浓度.结果:8周不同强度运动干预后,大鼠体重、内脏脂肪重量、体脂率较OC均下降明显(P0.01),体重OL与OH差异显著(P0.05),OL的内脏脂肪重量和体脂率较OM、OH均有差异(P0.05、P0.01);内脏脂肪组织Vaspin mRNA基因表达量OC与OH存有显著差异(P0.05);OL、OM、OH的Vaspin蛋白表达较OC呈渐进式上升,强度越大,表达越明显;血浆Vaspin浓度OH较OC上调明显(P0.05).结论:实施8周不同强度运动后,较好地降低了青春期肥胖大鼠体重、内脏脂肪重量和体脂率,运动强度越大,效果越显著.不同强度运动干预显著上调了Vaspin mRNA基因表达量、Vaspin蛋白表达及血浆Vaspin浓度,运动强度越大,上调幅度越明显.     

脂肪组织中异物弹性影响激光超声的数值模拟

生物组织的弹性信息对疾病的诊断具有重要的参考价值.发生了生理性或病理性改变的组织,或组织中生长了异物,常伴随局部弹性参数的较大改变.生物组织的弹性参数对于激光超声信号的产生和传输也有重要影响.本文通过建立热弹机制下脉冲激光照射在含异物脂肪组织中产生和传播超声波的物理模型,采用数值模拟方法,研究了单脉冲激光与含异物脂肪组...     

猪脂肪组织离体代谢调节的研究概况

综述了猪体脂肪组织离体合成代谢和分解代谢的研究概况以及其它物种离体脂肪组织代谢调节的一些研究进展．特别注重胰岛素、肾上腺素等激素对脂肪组织合成及分解代谢的调节作用．     

Influence of brown adipose tissue on deep cervical temperature during sleep in the young rabbit

Summary In young rabbits the slope of the temperature in the deep cervical region close to brown adipose tissue increased during desynchronized sleep at low ambient temperature. No increase occurred at neutral ambient temperature. In control rabbits (after disappearance of brown adipose tissue), the slope of deep cervical temperature did not increase during desynchronized sleep at low or neutral ambient temperatures.Preliminary data were reported at the Association des Physiologistes, Réunion de Poitiers, 20–23 June 1983.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Giuseppe Mancinelli and Leonida Sabattini for technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome. J.P.L. wishes to thank NATO for partial financial support during his stay at the Physiology Department in Bologna.     

大鳍鳠臀鳍和脂鳍的比较组织学研究

大鳍鳠臀鳍和脂鳍均是皮肤特化的产物．臀鳍的组织结构可分为表皮层、胶原纤维层、胶原下层和鳍条４部分；脂鳍可分为表皮层、胶原纤维层和脂肪层．臀鳍和脂鳍的表层均与皮肤的表皮相似，而发达的胶原纤维层与皮肤真皮的致密层相当．臀鳍的胶原下层、脂鳍的脂肪层与皮下层相当，而鳍条则是矿化的结缔组织．从特化程度来看，脂鳍的特化程度不如臀鳍高，表明脂鳍应是奇鳍褶的痕迹器官．     

褐色脂肪组织产热

褐色脂肪组织（BAT）是小哺乳动物非颤抖性产热（NST）的主要器官,该组织具有一个独特的非偶联呼吸机制,它是由细胞线粒体内膜上的解偶联蛋白（UCP）所决定的。当BAT受到产热刺激时,GDP对UCP的抑制作用被解除,从而引起热量的快速生成。环境温度、光照、食物及甲状腺激素等因素影响着BAT的产热状态。     

Differential expression analysis and regulatory network reconstruction for genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in obese and lean pigs

During the growth and development of skeletal muscle cells and adipose cells, the regulatory mechanism of micro-effect polygenes determines porcine meat quality, carcass characteristics and other relative quantitative traits. Obese and lean type pig breeds show obvious differences in muscle growth and adipose deposition; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotypic variation remains unknown. We used pathway-focused oligo microarray studies to examine the expression changes of 140 genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle at six growth stages (birth, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months) of Landrace (a leaner, Western breed) and Taihu pigs (a fatty, indigenous, Chinese breed). Variance analysis (ANOVA) revealed that differences in the expression of 18 genes in Landrace pigs and 3 genes in Taihu pigs were very significant (FDR adjusted permutation, P < 0.01) and differences for 22 genes in Landrace pigs and 7 genes in Taihu pigs were significant (FDR adjusted permutation, P < 0.05) among six growth stages. Clustering analysis revealed a high level of significance (FDR adjusted, P < 0.01) for 4 gene expression patterns, in which genes that strongly up-regulated were mainly associated with the positive regulation of myofiber formation and fatty acid biogenesis and genes that strongly down-regulated were mainly associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and positive regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation. Based on a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) were reconstructed from time-series data for each pig breed. These two GRNs initially revealed the distinct differences in physiological and biochemical aspects of muscle growth and adipose deposition between the two pig breeds; from these results, some potential key genes could been identified. Quantitative, real-time RT-PCR (QRT- PCR) was used to verify the microarray data for five modulated genes, and a good correlation between the two measures of expression was observed for both two pig breeds at different growth stages (r=0.876 ± 0.095). These results highlight some possible candidate genes for porcine meat quality and carcass traits and provide some data on which gene (s) should be further studied for elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle growth and fat deposition.