尿β_2－微球蛋白和N－乙酰－B－D氨基葡萄糖苷酶测定与肾小球疾病预后的关系

检测５２例原发性肾小球疾病尿β_２－微球蛋白（β_２－Ｍ）和Ｎ－乙酰－β－Ｄ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ），探讨其与肾小球疾病恢复过程与预后关系，并设健康儿对照。结果示尿β_２－Ｍ的与ＮＡＧ均值在肾小球疾病全病程均高于对照组，差异有非常显著性意义，从肾小球疾病组内不同病期看，急性肾炎（ＡＧＮ）不同病期均值随疾病恢复而递减，最后接近正常值；肾病综合征（ＮＳ）缓解初期均值较活动期高，以后逐渐下降，但始终未降至正常。２９例病程４个月内其均值已正常，但仍见波动。从肾小球疾病恢复期测定值看，尿β_２－Ｍ、ＮＡＧ仍未恢复正常者分别为４４％、５４．７％。表明肾小球疾病恢复过程中，尽管临床症状已消失，尿蛋白已阴转，仍有近一半病例肾功能尚未恢复正常。尿β_２－Ｍ的与ＮＡＧ检测可反映肾小管和肾实质受损程度，若尿β_２－Ｍ与ＮＡＧ持续升高，可能提示病情迂延或慢性经过。     

Marked depression of radiation-induced emesis by olfactory bulbectomy or pre-exposure using low doses

Acute emetic response to relatively low-doses of X-irradiation on suncus (Suncus murinus) was examined. The behaviors recorded for each subject, using a video-cassette recorder system, were (1) the number of emesis, during exposure to a dose of 3.0 Gy; (2) emesis threshold. Results showed that the emetic threshold was observed at 0.85 Gy, and the number of radioemesis during exposure was 29. However, the observed threshold dose became 2.22 Gy following olfactory bulbectomy. The emetic number decreased significantly (p<0.01), and reached a value one-fourth of the sham-control. The bulbectomized suncus showed a resistance to X-irradiation. Furthermore, I examined whether the animals could also acquire radio-resistance when they were subjected to a brief of dose X-ray (0.3 Gy) prior to a exposure to 3.0 Gy. Results showed that brief pre-exposure increased the observed threshold, a pattern that was exactly the same as shown in the bulbectomized animals. Increasing the pre-exposure dose further to 0.45–0.60 Gy, however, resulted in the complete disappearance of the effect. These results suggest that only the mice pre-irradiated with 0.30 Gy acquired resistance to radiation-induced emesis.     

As2O3联合小剂量化疗治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的临床研究

探讨治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）更有效的方法，以延长患者的生存期，提高生活质量。采用As2O3注射液10mg/d加入10％葡萄注射液250－500mL静脉滴注，连续28d一个疗程；同时用可糖胞苷50－100mg或高三尖杉酯碱1－2mg加入10％葡萄糖注射250mL静脉滴注，7－10d为1疗程，观察其临床症状、血象及骨髓象的变化，并追踪观察其缓解率及生存期。结果表明，采用A2sO3注射液加小剂量化疗的方法治疗APL，有明显的疗效，能够有效控制APL病情，提高完全缓解率，减少白血病的复发率与患者死亡率。     

Knockdown of <Emphasis Type="Italic">MRP4</Emphasis> by lentivirus-mediated siRNA improves sensitivity to adriamycin in adriamycin-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cells

Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia;however,the emergence of drug resistance is a major hurdle in the successful treatment of leukemia.The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4(MRP4)induces re- sistance in the adriamycin-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cell line,K562/ADR.The aim of this study was to investigate whether knockdown of MRP4 by lentivirus-mediated siRNA could improve the sensitivity of K562/ADR cells to adriamycin.Five lenti- virus-mediated short hairpin RNAs(lv-shRNAs-MRP4)were designed to trigger the gene silencing RNA interference(RNAi) pathway.The efficiency of lentivirus-mediated siRNA infection into K562/ADR cells was determined using fluorescence mi- croscopy to observe lentivirus-mediated GFP expression.MRP4 expression in infected K562/ADR cells was evaluated by real- time PCR and Western blot analysis.The MTS assay was used to measure cell viability and flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis.The transfection efficiency of K562/ADR cells was over 80 percent.The gene silencing efficacy of lv-shRNA1-MRP4 was superior to the other constructs.Infection of K562/ADR cells with lv-shRNA1-MRP4 led to strong inhibition of MRP4 mRNA and protein expression.Combined treatment with lv-shRNA1-MRP4 and adriamycin decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis compared to treatment with lv-shRNA1-MRP4 or adriamycin alone.These data indicate that in K562/ADR cells MRP4 is involved in drug resistance mechanisms and that lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MRP4 may enhance sensitivity to adriamycin.     

羊耳菊水提物对CCl4、D-GaLN致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

为研究羊耳菊水提物对CCl_4、D-GalN致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。通过腹腔注射0. 08%CCl_4花生油溶液建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)含量,肝匀浆中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1(IL-1)的含量; HE染色肝切片,显微镜观察肝组织病理改变;腹腔注射D-GalN(500 mg/kg)花生油溶液建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中AST、ALT含量。结果表明:羊耳菊水提液可降低CCl_4所致小鼠急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST含量(P 0. 01),升高肝匀浆中SOD、GSH-Px活力(P 0. 01或P 0. 05)及降低TNF-α、IL-1的含量(P 0. 05);病理切片显示,羊耳菊三个剂量组动物肝细胞坏死、变性,细胞浆聚集及炎症细胞的浸润程度均较模型组减轻。羊耳菊水提液也可降低D-GalN所致小鼠急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST含量(P 0. 01或P 0. 05)。可见羊耳菊水提物对CCl_4、D-GalN所诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

硝苯吡啶治疗急性心肌梗塞安全性的对比观察

目的：探讨硝苯吡啶治疗急性心梗塞的疗效。方法：随机将228例AMI分为三组,硝苯吡啶组和硝苯吡啶加β受体阻滞剂组及对照组。结果：硝苯吡啶组102例,死亡11例,死亡率10．72％;硝苯吡啶加β受体阻滞剂组39例,死亡5例,死亡率为12．82％;对照组87例,死亡12例,死亡率为13．79％。结论：三组相比硝苯吡啶组死亡率最低,但无统计学意义,P＞0．05,故我们认为硝苯吡啶10mg,每日三次对国人是有益的。     

酢浆草对小鼠急性腹膜炎的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:研究酢浆草对醋酸所致急性腹膜炎小鼠的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:腹腔注射醋酸制备小鼠急性腹膜炎模型,观察酢浆草乙醇提取物对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应的影响;观察酢浆草乙醇提取物对醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高的影响。结果:酢浆草乙醇提取物能使小鼠扭体反应次数减少;能降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管的通透性。结论:酢浆草对醋酸所致小鼠急性腹膜炎具有一定的抗炎镇痛作用。     

急性腹主动脉闭塞合并双肾动脉闭塞1例临床分析

目的探讨急性腹主动脉闭塞合并双肾动脉闭塞的病因与抢救措施.方法对突然出现腰腹痛和双下肢疼痛伴麻木4 h的患者行腹主动脉造影,造影证实该患者为腹主动脉合并双肾动脉完全闭塞,行介入治疗和清栓术治疗.结果清除部分血栓,患者恢复血流5 min后发生高血钾,引发心脏骤停死亡.结论急性腹主动脉闭塞合并双肾动脉闭塞死亡率高,主要死因是心脏毒性物质的吸收、高血钾、酸中毒、肾衰竭致心脏骤停,抢救成功的关键是尽早开通患者闭塞血管.     

白介素24对单个核细胞bcl-2表达的影响

为探讨白细胞介素24(IL-24)对成人急性白血病骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)体外生长的影响,并初步研究其作用机制。随机选取急性白血病住院患者15例,均经FAB分型或免疫学分型确诊,其中确诊未治的成人急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者5例,成人急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)患者10例。取患者骨髓,分离单个核细胞并培养,将不同浓度IL-24作用于BMMNC。应用四氮唑蓝(MTT)比色还原法、AnnexinV-FITC染色流式细胞术及逆转录-聚合酶联反应(RTPCR),分别检测IL-24对急性白血病BMMNC体外细胞增殖与凋亡及bcl-2表达的影响。结果显示,IL-24对体外培养的白血病BMMNC有明显的生长抑制作用,且呈时间、剂量依赖性,与阴性对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。IL-24浓度50 ng/mL作用急性白血病BMMNC,48 h后凋亡率为39.21%±5.79%,高于对照组(P0.01)。不同浓度IL-24处理白血病BMMNC,能够降低bcl-2 mRNA的表达。IL-24体外培养的成人急性白血病BMMNC,有明显的生长抑制、诱导凋亡作用。由此可知,IL-24可以下调bcl-2 mRNA表达,可能是IL-24抑制急性白血病BMMNC生长作用的重要机制。     

石杉碱甲对急性炎症小鼠室旁核和脑干c-Fos和GFAP表达的影响

目的:探讨石杉碱甲对急性炎症小鼠下丘脑室旁核和脑干神经元c-Fos和星形胶质细胞(astrocytes,AST)胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glial fiberillany acidic protein,GFAP)表达的影响.方法:①采用蛋清致小鼠足趾肿胀模型,检测致炎后30min,1h,2h的小鼠足容积并计算肿胀度;②免疫组化技术检测孤束核、迷走背核及室旁核神经元c-Fos及星形胶质细胞GFAP的表达.结果:①与生理盐水组比较,不同浓度的石杉碱甲均可明显抑制蛋清致小鼠足肿胀(P0.05或P0.01).②与对照组相比,致炎组小鼠孤束核和室旁核内Fos免疫阳性神经元(Fos-immunoreactive neurons,Fos-IR)及GFAP免疫阳性星形胶质细胞(GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes,GFAP-IR)数目均明显增多(P0.01),而迷走背核增加不显著(P0.05).与致炎组相比,石杉碱甲给药组孤束核、迷走背核及室旁核内Fos-IR神经元及GFAP-IR星形胶质细胞数目均明显增多(P0.01).结论:石杉碱甲对蛋清致小鼠足肿胀有明显的抗炎作用;石杉碱甲能够显著增强急性炎症小鼠孤束核、迷走背核及室旁核内神经元和星形胶质细胞的活动.