赤腹松鼠消化腺组织学观察

研究了赤腹松鼠消化腺组织学结构.结果表明:消化腺由小消化腺和大消化腺组成.小消化腺由单管泡状腺的舌腺,单管状腺的胃腺、小肠腺和大肠腺以及管泡状腺的十二指肠腺构成;食管内未见食管腺,大肠内可见大量杯状细胞.大消化腺有大唾液腺、肝和胰腺.大唾液腺由腮腺、舌下腺和颌下腺组成,均为复管泡状腺.肝脏分为5叶,由肝小叶和门管区组成.肝小叶包括中央静脉、肝细胞索和肝血窦,门管区内有小叶间动脉、小叶间静脉和小叶间胆管.胰由外分泌部的复管泡状腺胰腺和内分泌部的胰岛构成.研究结果表明赤腹松鼠消化腺结构与其食性是相适应的.     

Differentiation and accumulation of fluids in A-type granites: Evidence from accessory mineral study

The Laoshan A-type granite is a highly evolved granite body. The study on accessory minerals indicates that there exist differentiation and accumulation of fluids during the late stage of evolution of the granite. The released fluids are rich in rare-earth elements (REE), high-fieldstrength elements (HFSE, such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Th, U, and Y) and volatiles (F, P, CO₂, etc.). Owing to the presence of fluid, accessory mineral assemblages have changed during the evolution of A-type granite, and are especially characterized by large amounts of independent REE-Nb-Y-Th minerals present in the late facies. Late-accumulation of fluids may be of the general feature of A-type granites, at least of highly evolved ones.     

Analysis of a sub-proteome which co-purifies with and is phosphorylated by the Golgi casein kinase

In an attempt to gain information about the identity of the Golgi apparatus casein kinase(s) (G-CK), responsible for the phosphorylation of caseins in lactating mammary gland, the proteins present in fractions enriched in G-CK activity eluted from DEAE-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose columns were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and analyzed by mass spectrometry. This led to the identification of 47 proteins altogether, none of which is a bona fide protein kinase. At least 9 of the identified proteins however, are readily phosphorylated by co-purifying G-CK activity, and 7 are physically associated with it to give supramolecular complex(es) of about 500 kDa as judged from Superdex S200 gel fitration and glycerol gradient ultracentrifugation experiments. In contrast, the apparent molecular weight of G-CK estimated from an in gel activity assay after SDSPAGE and renaturation is about 41 kDa. Many of the proteins phosphorylated by and/or associated with G-CK belong to the category of chaperonines, including HSP90, GRP-94 and −78, and various isoforms of protein disulfide isomerases, suggesting a global role of this kinase in the modulation of protein folding. Received 21 October 2005; received after revision 30 November 2005; accepted 6 December 2005 †These authors contributed equally to this work.     

The Role of the Agouti-Related Protein in Energy Balance Regulation

The Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) is a powerful orexigenic peptide that increases food intake when ubiquitously overexpressed or when administered centrally. AgRP-deficiency, on the other hand, leads to increased metabolic rate and a longer lifespan when mice consume a high fat diet. In humans, AgRP polymorphisms have been consistently associated with resistance to fatness in Blacks and Whites and resistance to the development of type-2 diabetes in African Blacks. Systemically administered AgRP accumulates in the liver, the adrenal gland and fat tissue while recent findings suggest that AgRP may also have inverse agonist effects, both centrally and peripherally. AgRP could thus modulate energy balance via different actions. Its absence or reduced functionality may offer a benefit both in terms of bringing about negative energy balance in obesigenic environments, as well as leading to an increased lifespan.     

二种中药复方对慢性心理应激大鼠行为及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响

目的：观察半夏厚朴汤、桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤对慢性心理应激大鼠行为及下丘脑一垂体一肾上腺轴的影响。方法：将SD大鼠分为5组：正常组、模型Ⅰ组（慢性心理应激模型,不灌服生理盐水）、模型Ⅱ组（慢性心理应激模型,灌服生理盐水）、半夏厚朴汤组（灌服半夏厚朴汤水煎浓缩液）、桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤组（灌服桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤水煎浓缩液）,连续灌服19d测试各组大鼠行为、下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、血浆促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）及血清皮质酮（CORT）。结果：半夏厚朴汤组大鼠第11、19d爬格次数增加,第11d挣扎次数增加,CRH、ACTH降低;桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤组大鼠第19d爬格次数增加,第19d静止时间缩短,CRH、ACTH降低。结论：半夏厚朴汤、桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤可作用于下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的不同环节,一定程度上影响慢性应激大鼠的行为方式,调节慢性应激大鼠的内分泌功能。     

虎纹蛙消化腺组织学观察

对虎纹蛙消化腺组织学进行了系统观察．结果表明：单细胞腺为杯状细胞，主要分布于舌两侧、食道、回肠和直肠；多细胞腺由单泡状腺的颌间腺、复泡状腺的食道腺和单管状腺的胃腺与肠腺组成；肝脏和胰脏消化腺通过一条导管共同开口于空肠的起始部．研究表明虎纹蛙消化腺结构与其食性是相适应的．     

[2—~3H_1]州烷醇-1的合成及其提高蚕叶丝转化率的研究

本文以卅烷酸为原料,经溴化、酯化而得α—溴代卅烷酸甲酯,将酯进行卤氚交换后,用铝锂氢还原氚标记的酯,由此得到[2—~3H_1]卅烷醇—1(~3H—TRIA).用~3H—TRIA 养蚕添食,研究了~3H—TRIA 在蚕体内的分布和消长动态,测量了蚕的丝腺体、消化管和蚕粪的放射性强度.添食18小时后,在五龄蚕第4—6日的丝腺茧体内放射性强度达高峰,并保持稳定状态.用TRIA 养蚕添食,蚕体重、全茧量和层量与对照相比均有显著增加,证实了TRIA 对蚕的生长,促进丝心蛋白合成有显著作用,提高了蚕的叶丝转化率.     

三氯化铝对小鼠性腺的影响研究

为测定三氯化铝 (AlCl3)染毒后小鼠各性腺的重量及微量元素Zn、Cu含量 ,从微量元素角度探讨铝对小鼠性腺的毒性作用。采用二级昆明品系雄性小鼠 ,随机分为 3组 ,正常对照组 (简称对照组 )、三氯化铝低剂量染毒组 (简称低铝组 )、三氯化铝高剂量染毒组 (简称高铝组 )。实验结束后测定小鼠各性腺的重量和微量元素锌、铜含量。数据均经统计学处理。结果为高铝组使小鼠精囊腺和前列腺重量下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,使睾丸和包皮腺重量显著下降 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,对附睾重量不影响。微量元素含量与对照组比较 ,低铝组锌、铜含量虽有变化趋势 ,但尚未达到统计学意义 ,而高铝组与对照比较锌、铜含量显著变化 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :高剂量铝可影响雄性小鼠性腺重量和微量元素含量 ,使其微量元素失衡 ,对雄性小鼠性腺有毒性作用     

副矿物地球化学研究进展

副矿物广泛分布于各类火成岩、变质岩和沉积岩中,对寄主岩石的形成环境有很高的敏感度。以锆石、金红石和磷灰石为例,分别从结构特征、微量元素地球化学特征和同位素年代学等方面介绍副矿物地球化学的主要研究进展。锆石中U和Th的含量、Th/U值、Zr/Hf值等均与锆石成因类型有关,但共生矿物的存在和蜕晶化等因素可能会对这些微量元素产生影响,也可能导致不准确的同位素年龄结果。金红石以高Nb和Ta为特征,不同类型岩浆岩中Nb/Ta值差异较大,Cr-Nb二元判别图解也可以用来判断变质原岩类型。Mn2+、Eu2+、Sm3+、Dy3+、Er3+等微量元素会使磷灰石在受到阴极射线的激发下产生黄、绿或蓝色的光,因此磷灰石的发光特征可以反映其化学组成。不同类型岩石中的副矿物REEs的组成特征明显不同,说明受后期地质活动影响较弱的副矿物仍能精确指示其形成环境。由于锆石中的Ti和金红石中的Zr均是温度的函数,因此是重要的地质温度计,而榍石中的Zr对压力较敏感,常被用作地质压力计。锆石、金红石和磷灰石均为高铀矿物,均可进行U-Pb同位素定年,副矿物Sm-Nd、Lu-Hf也已逐渐成为常规定年法。热年代学得到快速发展以来,高-中-低温同位素体系与地质温度计和压力计的配套使用,不仅能够获取更准确的年龄值,还能提供更完整的地质体演化p-T-t曲线。副矿物地球化学将会更注重于尚未深入研究的其他副矿物在岩浆和高温变质过程中、在油气成藏演化的不同阶段中、在微生物活动影响下的内部结构和成分变化,新的同位素体系、纳米技术和精度更高的分析仪器等的发展会为副矿物研究带来更多突破。