混合发酵提高玉米粉的蛋白质含量

用2g玉米粉在250mL的三角瓶中与40mLNa_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4缓冲液(1/15mol/L,pH6.81,含(NH_4)_2SO_41％)混合,然后接种枯草杆菌和热带假丝酵母,发酵基质置于摇床中30℃,120r/min培养72h,蛋白质含量由7.56％增长到28.47％(干基重,P<0.005)。     

化学沉淀过程中形成的胶粒团聚体结构的计算机模拟

以正滴淀和反滴淀两种沉淀方式制备氢氧化锆凝胶,对其凝胶团聚状态的扫描电镜观察发现,在正滴淀方式下,胶粒主要以P-C(Particle-Cluster)团聚方式团聚,在反滴淀方式下,胶粒主要以C-C(Cluster-Cluster)团聚方式团聚。运用MonteCarlo法对P-C和C-C两种团聚方式下形成的胶粒团聚结构进行了计算机模拟,结果表明,以P-C团聚方式形成的胶粒团聚体结构致密,以C-C团聚方式形成的胶粒团聚体结构较松散,在沉淀过程中加入具有空间位阻作用的粒子可使形成的胶粒团聚体结构更松散。     

Interaction of volkensin with HeLa cells: binding,uptake, intracellular localization,degradation and exocytosis

Among two-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), volkensin is the most toxic to cells and animals, and is retrogradely axonally transported in the rat central nervous system, being an effective suicide transport agent. Here we studied the binding, endocytosis, intracellular routeing, degradation and exocytosis of this RIP. The interaction of volkensin with HeLa cells was compared to that of nigrin b, as an example of a type 2 RIP with low toxicity, and of ricin, as a reference toxin. Nigrin b and volkensin bound to cells with comparable affinity (approx. 10^-10 M) and had a similar number of binding sites (2 × 105/cell), two-log lower than that reported for ricin. The cellular uptake of volkensin was lower than that reported for nigrin b and ricin. Confocal microscopy showed the rapid localization of volkensin in the Golgi stacks with a perinuclear localization similar to that of ricin, while nigrin b was distributed between cytoplasmic dots and the Golgi compartment. Consistently, brefeldin A, which disrupts the Golgi apparatus, protected cells from the inhibition of protein synthesis by volkensin or ricin, whereas it was ineffective in the case of nigrin b. Of the cell-released RIPs, 57% of volkensin and only 5% of ricin were active, whilst exocytosed nigrin b was totally inactive. Despite the low binding to, and uptake by, cells, the high cytotoxicity of volkensin may depend on (i) routeing to the Golgi apparatus, (ii) the low level of degradation, (iii) rapid recycling and (iv) the high percentage of active toxin remaining after exocytosis.Received 21 April 2004; received after revision 26 May 2004; accepted 9 June 2004     

Antifungal proteins: targets,mechanisms and prospective applications

All organisms have evolved several defence systems in order to protect themselves against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Higher organisms have developed a complex network of humoral and cellular responses, called adaptive immunity. A second defence system, innate immunity, was discovered in the early 1980s, consisting of small cationic peptides with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. These proteins act immediately at sites of infection or inflammation. The production of proteins with antimicrobial activity was not limited to higher organisms but was also found in insects, plants and microorganisms. During the last 2decades a broad range of proteins with very different structural features have been isolated and characterised from differing organisms ranging from bacteria to human beings. Over 500cationic membrane-acting proteins with antimicrobial and antifungal activities have been identified to date. Apart from these proteins, a very large number of antifungal proteins active on the fungal cell wall, on enzymes of the cell wall synthesis machinery, the plasma membrane and on intracellular targets have been characterised.Received 17 June 2003; received after revision 4 August 2003; accepted 18 August 2003     

JWA protein binds to α-tubulin in PC12 cells

Our previous study elucidated that JWA protein was a newly identified microtubule-associated protein (MAP), which combined to and co-localized with α-tubulin. In the present study, we designed a series of experiments to explore if any interactions between JWA protein and α-tubulin existed and how JWA protein would functionally link to α-tubulin, especially in cell mitosis. Results of coimmnnoprecipitation, gene transfection and immnnoflnores-cence microscopy from PC12 and HEK293 cells provided strong evidence for a linkage between JWA protein and α-tubulin. Our data showed that JWA protein bound to α-tubulin stably no matter whether α-tubulin was polymerized or not. In addition, by using antisense oligonncleotides, cell cycle blocking agents and hypothermia disposal techniques, we also found the interaction between JWA protein and α-tubulin. The further analysis using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed that both proteins co-existed in PC12 cells and were independent on the cell cycle. In conclusion, JWA protein is a newly identified microtnbnle-associated protein, binds to α-tubulin, and probably plays an important role in regulation of microtnbnlar stability.     

大豆分离蛋白接枝甲基丙烯酸的溶液流变行为

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，2-巯基乙醇为蛋白质变性剂，在浓度为8mol／L的尿素溶液中进行了大豆分离蛋白接枝甲基丙烯酸的反应，并通过比较其^13C核磁共振谱图证明了甲基丙烯酸成功地接枝到大豆分离蛋白上，研究了大豆分离蛋白及其接枝产物溶液的流变学性质及其影响因素，实验结果表明，大豆分离蛋白在尿素体系中表现为牛顿型流体，而其接枝产物在该体系中表现为典型的非牛顿型流体，外加盐以及调节pH值将影响溶液的流变学性质。     

集群服务器系统前端接口子系统的设计与实现

基于链路聚集技术，提出并实现了一种适用于集群服务器系统的前端接口子系统方案，使得接口子系统中的接口机数目能随应用规模的变化而扩展，并增强了集群系统的可用性．链路聚集将多条物理链路聚合成一条单一虚拟的媒体访问控制（MAC）逻辑链路，通过将虚拟MAC解析为集群系统对外服务的虚拟IP（VIP），使多台接口机表现为单一IP的功能．利用链路聚集能在多条物理链路间进行负载均衡的功能，结合接口机的负载均衡策略来实现层次型的负载均衡，有效地提高了系统的I／O带宽．利用链路聚集的链路级容错，结合接口的检测机制实现了系统的高可用功能．理论分析和实验测试结果均表明，该方案能有效扩展集群系统的I／O带宽和处理能力．     

地层异常高压形成机理的研究

通过对地层中各种不同异常高压形成机理的系统分析 ,认为不同的异常高压形成机理具有不同的作用对象和作用范围 ,不均衡压实、构造挤压、生烃增压和流体热膨胀增压是异常高压形成的主要机理 .不均衡压实增压主要在泥岩或大套泥岩内砂岩中有作用 ,生烃增压则主要发生于成熟—高成熟的烃源岩中 ,流体热膨胀增压主要发生于封闭体系中 ,三者具有一定的普遍性 .构造挤压作用增压主要发生于压性盆地中 ,在前陆盆地山前带具有普遍意义 .流体密度差增压主要发生于油气藏范围 ,主要产生局部异常高压 .矿物成岩作用引起的超压主要发生于储层中 ,仅是辅助的异常高压形成机理 .水压头对某些盆地的超压形成有一定作用 ,缺乏普遍性 .渗透作用对超压意义不大 .实际的含油气盆地中 ,往往是某一种或几种成因占主导地位 ,而其他成因基本不起作用或作用不明显 .所以 ,必须具体盆地具体分析     

泵站与输水系统非调节工况特性与控制

对泵站与输水系统运行中的非调节工况进行了试验研究,得到了系统断流、负荷启动、停泵和管路切换工况下的系统与泵组特性,分析了它们的水力异常和机械异常现象,提出了控制非调节工况的原则和基本方法。可供输水系统设计和运行参考,以避免或减轻由此产生的不良后果。