PbO对Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3陶瓷相成分的影响

采用固相反应法制备了一系列Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3压电陶瓷,研究了过量PbO对PZT陶瓷相成分的影响.用X射线衍射对陶瓷的相结构进行了分析,采用场发射扫描电镜对断面形貌进行表征,并用能谱仪对微观区域的陶瓷成分进行测试.实验结果表明:当PbO缺乏时,陶瓷上表面易出现由PbZrO3分解产生的ZrO2,下表面易出现PbTi3O7和焦绿石相.当PbO过量时,陶瓷微观区域的成分会发生波动,成分的一致性也将受到破坏.此外,过量PbO还将使PZT相结构发生向富钛方向的移动.采用先进的陶瓷制备工艺有助于克服成分波动和相结构变化现象.     

胶束法制备Pb（Zr0.53Ti0.47）O3超细粉

用胶束法制得了Ｐｂ（Ｚｒ０．５３Ｔｉ０．４７）Ｏ３超细粉末，避免了在热处理过程中的硬团聚现象，用Ｘ－射线衍射分析，透射电镜等测试手段对粉料进行了表征。制得的超细粉属四方晶系，单颗粒的形貌近似球形，单颗粒平均粒径小于０．１μｍ。     

Zr对Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu合金板材组织与性能的影响

针对T6态Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu铝合金板材，研究了添加质量分数分别为0，0.046%，0.098%，0.151%，0.185%的Zr，铝板中合金相粒子和晶粒的组态以及板材的力学性能.结果表明，Zr含量增加对铝板中微米级T相和Al₇Cu₂Fe相粒子无明显影响，合金中未形成含Zr的结晶相，但纳米级Al₃Zr弥散相粒子数量逐渐增多.添加质量分数为0.046% Zr可细化T6态铝板等轴状Cube取向晶粒；Zr质量分数超过0.098%能抑制铝板再结晶形核，板材晶粒为纤维状，取向以Brass，S，R和Copper为主，且其体积分数随Zr含量增加而逐渐增大.Zr含量增加，T6态铝板的强度逐渐增大，而延伸率先增大后略有减小.Zr质量分数为0.151%的T6态Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu铝合金板材性能最佳，其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为706，645MPa和10.3%.     

Hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.1Cr1-xMoxMn based alloys with C14 Laves phase

The microstructure and hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_1-xMo_xMn (x ?= ?0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 ?at.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the corresponding alloys were determined as a single phase of C14-type Laves structure. With the increase of Mo content, the maximum and reversible hydrogen absorption capacity decreased, the slope factor H_f increased. Among the studied alloys, (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_0.95Mo_0.05Mn had the best overall properties for practical application of hydrogen storage materials. The maximum and reversible hydrogen storage capacity were 1.76 ?wt% and 1.09 ?wt%, the slope factor H_f was 0.51, and its dissociation enthalpy (ΔH_d) and entropy change (ΔS_d) were 23.1 ?kJ ?mol^?1H₂, 93.8J ?K^?1mol^?1H₂ at 303K, respectively. By studying the dissociation pressures of the synthesized metal hydrides, it was found that Mo had a special effect on the dissociation pressure of Ti–Zr–Cr–Mo–Mn alloys. Among the four alloys, (Ti_0.85Zr_0.15)_1.1Cr_0.95Mo_0.05Mn alloy had the largest hydrogen absorption capacity and the fastest hydrogen desorption rate, which can meet the commercialization demand of hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system.     

Zr含量对汽车车身用Al-0.36Mg-1.23Si合金板材组织及性能的影响

借助OM，TEM观察，拉伸和杯突试验研究w(Zr)≤0.29%对T4P态Al-0.36Mg-1.23Si合金板材显微组织、成形性和烤漆硬化性的影响.结果表明，当w(Zr)≤0.15%时，Zr以40~50nm的(AlSi)₃(Zr_○xTi_1-○x○)弥散相粒子存在于铝基体中，粒子数量随Zr含量增加而增多，Zr质量分数超过0.22%，板材中出现3～23 μm的(AlSi)₃(Zr_○xTi_1-○x○)初生相.添加0.15% Zr使板材的再结晶晶粒从无Zr板材的55 μm细化至20 μm，Zr含量继续增加，晶粒无明显变化.Zr含量增加，T4P态板材的强度略有增大，延伸率先保持不变后逐渐减小，n_10~20，r₁₀和I_E值基本不变.含Zr合金板材经模拟烤漆后的屈服强度增量均超过86MPa，但Zr含量增加对合金板材的烤漆硬化性无明显影响.