海南岛红树植物的构筑型及其多样性

海南岛红树植物的构筑型共拥有 5种模式 ,为已知热带树木构筑型的 2 1% ,其中以阿特廷斯模式(Attims smodel)为主 ,它占据了 2 3种海南红树植物的 6 5 2 1% ,而施奥特模式 (Schoute smodel)则仅为 1种 ,即单种属的水椰。海南红树植物的构筑型与属之间的关系并不完全明确。尽管阿特廷斯模式发生于绝大多数的属 ,并存在于整个生态序列中 ,但劳赫模式Rauh smodel和施奥特模式则多少反映出与特定属种和生境的相关性。而木榄是典型的奥布利维尔模式Aubreville smodel,其分枝存在两种并置方式 ,从而导致两种分枝格局。     

鼓浪屿建筑窗饰和地缘文化分析

以鼓浪屿历史文化为背景,基于岛上现有建筑的实地考察及相关资料的查阅、考证,以微观角度入手,从窗户的造型、结构、装饰符号以及文化内涵等几个方面剖析鼓浪屿窗式多样化的特征,挖掘其形式渊源及历史成因.由此,反映鼓浪屿殖民化时期的建筑风格、表现形式及设计理念.对人们认识和理解鼓浪屿建筑及其构件、研究和比较与之类似区域的外来建筑文化、并学习其设计思想和建造理念有所帮助,对建筑设计师在相关风格的建筑设计中起到一定的参考和借鉴作用.     

涠洲岛东南部海域高浓度氮和磷的来源分析

远离陆地的涠洲岛,是广西近海发生赤潮次数最多的海域。据现有调查资料显示,该海域氮含量属于二类水质,磷含量也时有超标,琼州海峡显然是其东南部大量氮磷物质的重要输送通道。本文通过分析多年的漂流瓶漂流路径图,然后结合数值计算结果,得出结论:琼州海峡西行水,主要来自珠江口和粤西沿岸,该地区的污染物质,包括氮磷等营养要素,可能是涠洲岛附近高浓度氮磷的主要来源。     

The shore fishes of Trindade Island,western South Atlantic

Trindade Island (20°30'S, 29°20'W) is located approximately 620 nautical miles (1160km) off the eastern Brazilian coast. Due to its geographical isolation, its ichthyofauna arouses great biogeographic interest. This work intends to provide the first comprehensive checklist for the shore fishes of Trindade Island. Six expeditions were undertaken (1995, 1997, two in 1998, 1999 and 2000—in total 86 days of fieldwork) to survey the ichthyofauna from tidal pools to reefs 30 m deep. A checklist of 97 species belonging to 44 families is presented, with information on the ecology and geographical distribution of each species. The most representative families were the Carangidae (nine species), Serranidae (nine), Labridae (seven), Pomacentridae (five) and Muraenidae (five). Trindade is zoogeographically related to the western Atlantic, since 32% of its species are also found in the continental margin and 12.3% are shared with the western and central Atlantic. Nearly thirty-five percent of the shore fish fauna of Trindade are widespread pan-Atlantic warm-water species. Another 14.6% are restricted to the Brazilian Province. At least six endemic species (6.2%) were found: Malacoctenus sp. (Labrisomidae), Scartella sp., Entomacrodus sp. (Blenniidae), Arcos sp. (Gobiesocidae), Elacatinus sp. and Lythrypinus sp. (Gobiidae). This endemism level is lower than that found on the tropical mid-Atlantic Ridge islands of St. Helena (13.9%), Ascension (15.7%) and St. Paul's Rocks (12.1%).     

《陈可常端阳仙化》为明代作品考

"三言"是中国古代成就最高的白话短篇小说集,关于其中作品的成书时代依然存在着很大的争议和研究空间。《警世通言.陈可常端阳仙化》一文,胡士莹和郑振铎两位先生认为是宋人话本,实则应为明代作品。首先,对前人提出的"宋人话本"说的研究观点提出质疑;其次,根据宋元明时期刑法制度的差异,"沙门岛"领土所属权的变化,证明这篇作品绝非创作于南宋时期;最后,根据"温州府"和"临安府"行政区划的历史沿革,进一步证明这篇小说为明代作品。     

Interaction between introduced rats and a frugivore bird-plant system in a relict island forest

The seed dispersal system formed by the fleshy-fruited shrub Viburnum tinus L. (Caprifoliaceae) and the bird Erithacus rubecula L. is known to occur in both the Mediterranean basin and the laurel forest of the Canary Islands. The latter is invaded by the ship rat Rattus rattus L. This situation allows (1) the comparison of oceanic island and mainland situations for the bird-plant interaction, and (2) quantification of the possible effects of an invading species on the plant, and thus on the whole seed dispersal system. Fruit removal by birds and rats was studied for V. tinus in a laurel forest of Tenerife during a fruiting season to assess patterns of disperser and predator's use of the plant. Fruits were persistent in time and spontaneous fruit loss rate was low. It was exploited by a reduced frugivorous community. Its fruits were dispersed almost exclusively by E. rubecula at extremely low rates, whereas R. rattus rapidly predated the bulk of the crops. Fruit removal by E. rubecula was influenced by vegetation structure and fruit crop size (higher removal rates from gaps or sparse and low canopy patches, and from larger fruit displays). Fruit predation by R. rattus was not related to microhabitat or individual plant traits. Fruit removal by R. rattus had no apparent influence on the pattern of bird frugivory. However, later in the fruiting season, heavy fruit depletion by rats restrained fruit availability for birds. The mainland (Mediterranean) V. tinus-E. rubecula dispersal system is strikingly different from this island counterpart in: (1) the virtual irrelevance of rodent seed predation, and (2) the comparatively high incidence of bird frugivory by the exclusive seed disperser, E. rubecula.     

The freshwater crustaceans (Cladocera: Copepoda) of Bering Island (Commander Islands,Russian Far East): species richness and taxocene structure

The crustaceans of the fresh waters of Bering Island and their link to the fauna of adjacent regions were studied. Based on original data and existing literature, the species composition of Cladocera and Copepoda was described. The compiled list includes 22 species of Cladocera and 30 species of Copepoda. In the original data, 35 species native to the Commander Islands were reported for the first time. Six species were newly reported in the Far East, and two were newly reported in Russia. The ecological peculiarities of several species and some biogeographical features of the freshwater zooplankton of the island are discussed. The main part of the fauna of the island form Holarctic widespread species (64.3%), another slightly smaller group of the fauna is comprised of Palaearctic species (20.1%), and the remainder comprise Nearctic (6.7%) and Beringian species (8.9%). Particular patterns in the distribution of freshwater zooplankton and the factors underlying the occurrence of these species on the island are considered.     

Effects of islanding on the genetics of Niviventer confucianus (Mamalia: Rodentia: Muridae) populations in the Thousand Island Lake region

The impact of islanding on the genetics of the dominant species, Niviventer confucianus, was analysed using 13 microsatellite markers. All 16 populations are of high genetic diversity with a total of 134 alleles. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) is 6; the average expected heterozygosity (H_E) and polymorphic information content (PIC) are 0.823 and 0.763, respectively. Landscape fragmentation might contribute to weak genetic differentiation among 13 island populations. Values of F_ST simulated by Structure 2.3.4 implied that the 16 populations could be assigned into three clusters, from which we postulated the possible dispersion history. Pairwise F_ST tests showed that genetic differences mainly occurred between small island populations and others. Currently, habitat area appears to be the main factor affecting the genetics of Niviventer confucianus, and not the distances between islands. Hence we suggest that more attention should be paid to habitat area in the future.     

海南岛金波地区发现杜内早期腕足动物群

白沙县金波附近的Spirifercf.,subgrandisRotai ,Neospirifersp .,Fuselacf.tornacensis (Koninck) ,Punc tospirifersp .,Mucrospirifersp .,Eumetriacfserpentina (Koninck) ,Palaeochoristiessp .,Megachonetessp .,Pli chonetessp .,Orthotetessp .,Chonetipustulasp .,Marginatiasp .,Curithyrissp .,Rhipidomellasp .是海南岛首次发现的最丰富的杜内早期腕足动物群。据此 ,该地区含化石的原南好组第四段确定为下石炭统岩关阶。该动物群以石燕贝类最繁盛、长身贝类数量少为特征 ,与华南其它地区同期腕足动物群不同     

海南岛中部山区次生林生态特征研究

研究了海南岛中部山区典型的次生林群落特征和优势种枫香的种群结构特征．结果表明：海南岛中部山区的枫香种群所在的群落是演替过渡群落,在群落中枫香占有绝对优势,但随着群落的发展,枫香种群的发育表现出随着次生林年龄的增大而逐渐衰退的典型演替系列过渡种的生物学特性,最终会被群落中的后期演替种所代替．